18F-DCFBC PET/CT in Prostate Cancer
Status and phase
Conditions
Treatments
Details and patient eligibility
About
Background:
- Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in American men. A chemical called a radiotracer helps doctors get images of this type of cancer. Researchers want to test a radiotracer called N-[N-[(S)-1,3-dicarboxypropyl]carbamoyl]-4-(18)F-fluorobenzyl-L-cysteine ((18)F-DCFBC) (18F-DCFBC).
Objective:
- To see if the radiotracer 18F-DCFBC can identify sites of prostate cancer in the body.
Eligibility:
- Men ages 18 and over with prostate cancer. The cancer must be newly diagnosed, have relapsed, or has spread outside the prostate.
Design:
- Participants will be screened with physical exam and medical history. They will give a blood sample.
- Participants will be divided into three groups.
Group 1: people with cancer only in the prostate scheduled for surgical prostate removal or biopsy at National Institutes of Health (NIH).
Group 2: people who had their prostate removed or had radiation therapy and now have a rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) without other signs of disease.
Group 3: people whose cancer has spread to other areas of the body.
- Participants will have 18F-DCFBC injected into a vein then imaged in a positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) camera. During the scans, they will lie on their back on the scanner table.
- Group 1 will have a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. A tube will be placed in the rectum. Coils may be wrapped around the outside of the pelvis. Participants will have a contrast agent injected through an intravenous line.
- Group 3 will have another PET/CT scan with a different radiotracer, 18F NaF, within 21 days of the 18F-DCFBC scan to look for prostate cancer in the bone.
- Group 3 will repeat the two PET/CT scans 4-6 months after the initial scans.
- A few days after each scan, participants will be contacted for follow-up.
Full description
Background
- Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in American men.
- Current methods of imaging advanced prostate cancer (computed tomography ((CT) and bone scan) are non specific and new, more specific molecular imaging probes are sought.
- Many prostate cancers express the prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) a transmembrane protein with N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) enzymatic activity. PSMA is also expressed in angiogenesis but otherwise has limited expression in normal tissue.
- N-[N-[(S)-1,3-dicarboxypropyl]carbamoyl]-4-(18)F-fluorobenzyl-L-cysteine ((18)F-DCFBC) (18F-DCFBC) is a radiolabeled positron emission tomography (PET) agent which binds with high affinity to PSMA and through whole-body non-invasive functional imaging, may provide new information on the expression of PSMA.
Primary Objective
- To assess the ability of 18F-DCFBC to differentiate between tumorous and nontumorous tissues in localized, recurrent (based on rising prostatic-specific antigen ((PSA) post treatment) and metastatic prostate cancer
Eligibility
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Subject is greater than or equal to 18 years old
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Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0-2 with adenocarcinoma of the prostate and fits criteria for one of the following:
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ARM 1
-- Patients with known localized prostate cancer with a soft tissue lesion at least 6mm or greater.
---A multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (standard of care at the National Institutes of Health ((NIH) Clinical Center) must be performed within 4 months of18F-DCFBC injection with findings suggestive for prostate cancer and confirmed with histopathology.
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ARM 2
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Patients with biochemical prostate cancer relapse after definitive treatment
- For patients status post radiation therapy for prostate cancer, a PSA increase from post radiation therapy nadir
- OR
- For patients status post prostatectomy, any PSA >/=0.2 ng/ml
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Nonspecific or no evidence for disease on standard imaging modality
-
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ARM 3
- Patients with identifiable metastatic disease on a conventional imaging modality. If only soft tissue metastasis, one lesion must measure 6mm or greater. Patients must have confirmation of prostate cancer prior to 18F-DCFBC imaging.
Design
This is a single site 3-arm study enrolling a total of 110 evaluable patients: Arm 1 will include 12 patients with presumed localized prostate cancer scheduled to undergo prostatectomy or biopsy within 4 months of enrollment; Arm 2 will include 78 patients with biochemical recurrence without evidence of metastasis on conventional imaging; and Arm 3 will include 20 patients with known metastatic disease who may or may not be on or/scheduled to begin therapeutic intervention. Patients with presumed localized disease will undergo a standard of care, clinical multiparametric endorectal coil MRI in the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Molecular Imaging Clinic within 4 months of screening. Patients in Arm 3 will undergo 2 imaging sessions: baseline and 4-6 month follow-up. Clinical records (including PSA) and treatment (if any) that occurred in the imaging interval must be available. All patients in Arm 3 will also undergo Na18F PET/CT for evaluation of bone metastases as part of this protocol. In order to allow for a small number of nonevaluable patients, the accrual ceiling will be set at 125.
Enrollment
Sex
Ages
Volunteers
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
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INCLUSION CRITERIA:
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Subject is greater than or equal to18 years old
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Platelet count > 50,000/mm^3
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Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance score of 0 to 2.
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Ability to provide informed consent. All subjects must sign an informed consent form indicating their understanding of the investigational nature and risks of the study before any protocol-related studies are performed.
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Categories
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ARM 1 only
---For patients with presumed localized disease (any tumor (T), nodes 0 (N0), metastasized 0 (M0)), a multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (standard of care at the National Institutes of Health ((NIH) Clinical Center) must be performed within 4 months of the N-[N-[(S)-1,3-dicarboxypropyl]carbamoyl]-4-(18)F-fluorobenzyl-L-cysteine ((18)F-DCFBC) (18F-DCFBC) injection with findings suggestive for prostate cancer and a prostate lesion at least 6mm or greater. Must have histopathologic confirmation of prostate cancer prior to 18F-DCFBC imaging.
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ARM 2 only:
- For patients status post radiation therapy for prostate cancer, any prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) increase from post radiation therapy nadir
- OR
- For patients status post prostatectomy, a PSA >/=0.2 ng/ml
- Nonspecific or no evidence for disease on standard imaging modality
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ARM 3 only:
- Patients must have identifiable metastatic disease on at least 1 clinically indicated imaging modality. If only soft tissue metastasis, one lesion must measure at least 6mm or greater. Patients must have confirmation of prostate cancer prior to 18FDCFBC imaging
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Note: A patient who is eligible for one arm, subsequently may cross-over into a different arm.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
- Subjects for whom participating would significantly delay the scheduled standard of care therapy
- Subjects with any coexisting medical or psychiatric condition that is likely to interfere with study procedures and/or results.
- Subjects with severe claustrophobia unresponsive to oral anxiolytics
- Other medical conditions deemed by the principal investigator (or associates) to make the subject unsafe/ineligible for protocol procedures.
- Subjects weighing > 350 lbs. (weight limit for scanner table), or unable to fit within the imaging gantry
- Serum creatinine > 2 times the upper limit of normal
- Total bilirubin > 2 times the upper limit of normal
- Liver transaminases (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)) greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal
Trial design
Primary purpose
Allocation
Interventional model
Masking
116 participants in 3 patient groups
Trial contacts and locations
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Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov
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