Inclusion Criteria
Cholecystectomy Stage 1 - Inclusion Criteria:
- Patients between the ages of 18 and 80 years of age
- Either male or female
- BMI ≤ 26 kg/m2
- ASA ≤ 3
- Diagnosed with benign disease
Fundoplication Stage 1- Inclusion Criteria:
- Patients diagnosed with GERD and/or hiatal hernia
- Patients between the ages of 18 and 80 years of age
- Either men or women
- BMI ≤ 26 kg/m2
- ASA ≤ 3
Gastrectomy Stage 2- Inclusion Criteria:
- Patients between the ages of 18 and 80 years of age
- Either men or women
- BMI ≤ 26 kg/m2
- ASA ≤ 3
- Diagnosed with benign or relatively early malignant disease of the stomach
- AJCC 8th edition T0 or T1 tumor pathology
- AJCC 8th edition T2, T3, tumor pathology (following neoadjuvant therapy if necessary) at the discretion of the investigator
- Free of metastatic disease
Distal Pancreatectomy Stage 2- Inclusion Criteria:
- Patients between the ages of 18 and 80 years of age
- Either men or women
- BMI ≤ 26 kg/m2
- ASA ≤ 3
- Diagnosed with benign or malignant disease of the pancreas
- No vascular involvement
- Free of metastatic disease
Pancreaticoduodenectomy Stage 3- Inclusion Criteria:
- Patients between the ages of 18 and 80 years of age
- Either men or women
- BMI ≤ 26 kg/m2
- ASA ≤ 3
- Diagnosed with benign or malignant disease of the pancreas
- Diagnosed with benign or malignant distal bile duct disease
- No vasculature involvement (i.e., no T4 disease, pancreatic or Stage 4a or b disease, or distal bile duct Stage 3b or 4 disease)
- Free of metastatic disease
Esophagectomy Stage 3- Inclusion Criteria:
- Patients between the ages of 18 and 80 years of age
- Either men or women
- BMI ≤ 26 kg/m2
- ASA ≤ 3
- Diagnosed with benign or malignant disease of the esophagus
- AJCC 8th edition T0, T1a, T1b, T2 (without other indications for neoadjuvant therapy) tumor pathology
- AJCC 8th edition some T2, T3, or T4a, (following neoadjuvant therapy) at the discretion of the investigator
- Free of metastatic disease
Hepatectomy Stage 4- Inclusion Criteria:
- Patients between the ages of 18 and 80 years of age
- Either men or women
- BMI ≤ 26 kg/m2
- ASA ≤ 3
- Diagnosed with benign or malignant disease of the liver or bile duct
- Free of metastatic disease, not including metastatic disease to the liver (e.g., colorectal liver metastases)
Exclusion Criteria
Cholecystectomy Stage 1- Exclusion Criteria:
- Subject requiring an emergent operation
- Pregnancy or nursing
- BMI > 26 kg/m2
- Previous abdominal surgery
- Subjects with malignant disease
- Inability to provide informed consent
- Contraindicated for general anesthesia or minimally invasive surgery
Fundoplication Stage 1- Exclusion Criteria:
- Subject requiring an emergent operation
- Pregnancy or nursing
- BMI > 26 kg/m2
- Previous abdominal surgery
- Inability to provide informed consent
- Contraindicated for general anesthesia or minimally invasive surgery
Gastrectomy Stage 2- Exclusion Criteria:
- Subject requiring an emergency operation
- Pregnancy or nursing
- BMI > 26 kg/m2
- Previous abdominal surgery
- Inability to provide informed consent
- Contraindicated for general anesthesia or minimally invasive surgery
- AJCC 8th edition T2, T3, T4a, T4b tumor pathology (without neoadjuvant therapy unless contraindicated)
- Clinical or radiological evidence of distant metastatic disease
Distal Pancreatectomy Stage 2- Exclusion Criteria:
- Subject requiring an emergent operation
- Pregnancy or nursing
- BMI > 26 kg/m2
- Previous abdominal surgery
- Inability to provide informed consent
- Contraindicated for general anesthesia or minimally invasive surgery
- Tumor involvement with surrounding vasculature (e.g., common hepatic artery, superior mesenteric artery, superior mesenteric vein, portal vein)
- Clinical or radiological evidence of metastatic disease
Pancreaticoduodenectomy Stage 3- Exclusion Criteria:
- Subject requiring an emergent operation
- Pregnancy or nursing
- BMI > 26 kg/m2
- Previous abdominal surgery
- Inability to provide informed consent
- Contraindicated for general anesthesia or minimally invasive surgery
- Tumor involvement with surrounding vasculature (e.g., T4a for pancreatic disease: common hepatic artery, superior mesenteric artery, superior mesenteric vein, portal vein)
- Tumor involvement with surrounding vasculature (e.g., T3b for bile duct disease: common hepatic artery, superior mesenteric artery, superior mesenteric vein, portal vein)
- Clinical or radiological evidence of metastatic disease
Esophagectomy Stage 3- Exclusion Criteria:
- Subject requiring an emergency operation
- Pregnancy or nursing
- BMI > 26 kg/m2
- Previous abdominal surgery
- Inability to provide informed consent
- Contraindicated for general anesthesia or minimally invasive surgery
- AJCC 8th edition T2 (in some circumstances), T3, and T4a tumor pathology (without neoadjuvant therapy)
- Clinical or radiological evidence of distant metastatic disease
Hepatectomy Stage 4- Exclusion Criteria:
- Subject requiring an emergency operation
- Pregnancy or nursing
- BMI > 26 kg/m2
- Previous abdominal surgery
- Inability to provide informed consent
- Contraindicated for general anesthesia or minimally invasive surgery
- Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (i.e., Klatskin tumor)
- Involvement of major vasculature (ex: portal vein, hepatic artery, or inferior vena cava)
- Clinical or radiological evidence of metastatic disease