A Study for Improving the Outcome of Childhood Acute Promyeloid Leukemia

South China Children's Leukemia Group

Status and phase: Completed; Phase 4

Conditions: Childhood Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

Treatments: Drug: ATO; Drug: Ara-C; Other: intrathecal injection; Drug: RIF; Drug: ATRA; Drug: 6MP; Drug: mitoxantrone; Drug: MTX

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT02200978

2010001

Details and patient eligibility

About

Outcome of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has greatly improved since the introduction of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Treatment with ATRA and anthracycline-based chemotherapy (ATRA + chemotherapy) decreases relapses of the disease as well as early hemorrhagic deaths. Nowadays patients with APL have an event-free survival (EFS) of up to 80%. However, there remains a subset of the patients in whom the disease relapses. Recently, a randomized prospective study showed that the addition of ATO to "ATRA + chemotherapy" treatment protocol had a significantly higher EFS in patients with APL than those treated with "ATRA + chemotherapy" protocol. The patients treated with "ATO + ATRA + chemotherapy" had a five years EFS of 89.2%. Moreover, a recent study showed that Indigo naturalis formula (RIF), a traditional Chinese medicine with tetraarsenic tetrasulfide (As4S4), indirubin, and tanshinone IIA as major active ingredients, yielded synergy in the treatment of a murine APL model in vivo and in the induction of APL cell differentiation in vitro . It is about 20 years since RIF was used to treat ALP in China. Clinical studies showed that this agent was effective against APL. Compared to ATO, RIF is relatively inexpensive and can be taken orally, resulting in reducing the number of hospital days and the treatment cost. However, there is no report comparing treatment outcomes of "ATO + ATRA + chemotherapy" and "RIF + ATRA + chemotherapy" protocols in children with APL so far. For this purpose, therefore, investigators are going to conduct a multicenter and randomized prospective study in children with APL.

Full description

OBJECTIVES:

• Determine the safety and efficacy of "ATO/RIF + ATRA + less intensive chemotherapy" protocol in children with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL).
• Compare the safety，efficacy and treatment cost of "RIF + ATRA + less intensive chemotherapy" with "ATO + ATRA + less intensive chemotherapy" protocol in children with APL. Determine if ATO can be substituted by RIF.

OUTLINE: This is a multicenter and randomized prospective study.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 162 patients will be accrued for this study.

Enrollment: 176 patients

Sex: All

Ages: Under 16 years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Patients less than 16 years old with newly diagnosed PML-RARa positive acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Exclusion criteria

• Patients who have coma, convulsion or paralysis due to intracranial hemorrhage or central nervous system leukemia at diagnosis.

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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176 participants in 2 patient groups

ATO and chemotherapy

Active Comparator group

Description:

Induction: ATRA 25mg/m2 d1-CR ≯42 days; ATO 0.16mg/kg d5-CR ≯42 days; mitoxantrone (MA) 10mg/m2 d3, or 7mg/m2 d2-4 (high risk). Consolidation 1: ATRA 25mg/m2 d1-15; MA 10mg/m2 d1-2; Intrathecal injection (IT)：Ara-C 15mg (age \< 1 year), or 20 mg (1-3 years), or 30 mg ( \> 3 years), dexamethasone 2mg. Consolidation 2: ATRA 25mg/m2 d1-15; ATO 0.16mg/kg d1-15; Ara-C 1g/m2 q12h d1-2 (high risk); IT. Consolidation 3: ATRA 25mg/m2 d1-15; ATO 0.16mg/kg d1-15; MA 10mg/m2 d1; Ara-C 1g/m2 q12h d1-2 (high risk); IT. Maintenance: ① ATO 0.16mg/kg.d w1-2; ATRA 25mg/m2.d w1-2; MTX 20mg/m2 qw w3-12; 6MP 50mg/m2 qn w3-12. ② ATRA 25mg/m2.d w1-2; MTX 20mg/m2 qw w3-12; 6MP 50mg/m2 qn w3-12. Rotation between ① and ② until the end of maintenance.

Treatment:

Drug: MTX

Drug: mitoxantrone

Drug: 6MP

Drug: ATRA

Other: intrathecal injection

Drug: Ara-C

Drug: ATO

RIF and chemotherapy

Experimental group

Description:

Induction: ATRA 25mg/m2 d1-CR ≯42 days; RIF 0.135/kg d5-CR ≯42 days; mitoxantrone (MA) 10mg/m2 d3, or 7mg/m2 d2-4 (high risk). Consolidation 1: ATRA 25mg/m2 d1-15; MA 10mg/m2 d1-2; Intrathecal injection (IT)：Ara-C 15mg (age \< 1 year), or 20mg (age 1-3 years), or 30mg (age \> 3 years), dexamethasone 2mg. Consolidation 2: ATRA 25mg/m2 d1-15; RIF 0.135/kg d1-15; Ara-C 1g/m2 q12h d1-2 (high risk); IT. Consolidation 3: ATRA 25mg/m2 d1-15; RIF 0.135/kg d1-15; MA 10mg/m2 d1; Ara-C 1g/m2 q12h d1-2 (high risk); IT. Maintenance: ① RIF 0.135/kg.d w1-2; ATRA 25mg/m2.d w1-2; MTX 20mg/m2 qw w3-12; 6MP 50mg/m2 qn w3-12. ② ATRA 25mg/m2.d w1-2; MTX 20mg/m2 qw w3-12; 6MP 50mg/m2 qn w3-12. Rotation between ① and ② until the end of maintenance treatment.

Treatment:

Drug: MTX

Drug: mitoxantrone

Drug: 6MP

Drug: ATRA

Drug: RIF

Other: intrathecal injection

Drug: Ara-C