A Study of Daratumumab Monotherapy in Previously Untreated Patients With Stage 3B Light Chain (AL) Amyloidosis

Stichting European Myeloma Network

Status and phase: Completed; Phase 2

Conditions: Light Chain (AL) Amyloidosis, Stage 3B

Treatments: Drug: Daratumumab; Drug: Dexamethasone oral tablet; Drug: Bortezomib Injection

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: NETWORK; Industry

Identifiers

NCT04131309

2018-004333-33 (EudraCT Number)

EMN22/54767414AMY2005

Details and patient eligibility

About

This is an open-label, multicenter, Phase 2 study in subjects with newly diagnosed stage 3B light chain (AL) amyloidosis.

Full description

The current study aims to investigate daratumumab as a monotherapy in patients with stage 3B AL amyloidosis who have not received prior therapy. Approximately 40 subjects will receive primary therapy with daratumumab. Subject participation will include a Screening Phase, a Treatment Phase, a Post-Treatment Observation Phase, and a Long-term Follow-up Phase.

A safety run-in will be conducted in 6 subjects treated with daratumumab for at least 1 cycle to establish safety of daratumumab in patients with stage 3B AL amyloidosis. Dosing of these 6 subjects will be staggered so that no subject will receive their first dose sooner than 48 hours after the previously enrolled subject. Safety evaluation will be performed by a Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) after at least 1 cycle is completed for all 6 subjects. If no safety signal is observed, the enrollment of the rest of the patients will begin.

In Protocol Version 1.0, subjects receive daratumumab IV at a dose of 16 mg/kg. As of Protocol Amendment 1, all new subjects are dosed subcutaneously with daratumumab co-formulated with recombinant human hyaluronidase rHuPH20 (daratumumab SC). Subjects who already began treatment with daratumumab IV (i.e., prior to Amendment 1) switch to daratumumab SC on the next administration date according to the protocol schedule. Subjects receive daratumumab IV at a dose of 16 mg/kg and daratumumab SC at a fixed dose of 1800 mg for the first 8 weeks (Cycles 1 and 2) of treatment and then every 2 weeks for 4 cycles (Cycles 3 to 6) and then every 4 weeks until progression of disease (according to MOD-PFS), unacceptable toxicity or subsequent therapy, for a maximum of 2 years in total. All treatment cycles are 4 weeks (28 days) in length.

Subjects who will not achieve either a hematologic VGPR or better, OR a hematologic PR with a major organ response by Cycle 4 Day 1 may receive at Investigator's discretion, in addition to daratumumab, bortezomib (1.3 mg/m2 weekly for a maximum of 6 cycles) and low dose dexamethasone (total maximum weekly dose of 20mg).

Enrollment: 40 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18+ years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• KEY INCLUSION CRITERIA

  1. Men or women 18 years of age or older.

  2. Diagnosis of amyloidosis, AL type, based on:

     1. Histopathological diagnosis of amyloidosis based on detection by immunohistochemistry and polarizing light microscopy of green bi-refringent material in Congo Red stained tissue specimens (excluding bone marrow) or characteristic electron microscopy appearance

        Considerations for specific populations where other types of amyloidosis may be encountered:

        • For male subjects over 70 years of age who have cardiac involvement only, and subjects of African descent (black subjects), mass spectrometry, immunoelectron microscopy, or other immunohistochemistry-based typing of AL amyloid in a tissue biopsy or a negative bone scintigraphy with Tc99m-PYP or -DPD is recommended to rule out other types of amyloidosis such as age related amyloidosis and/or hereditary amyloidosis (ATTR mutation) AND

     2. Measurable disease of amyloid light chain amyloidosis as defined by at least ONE of the following:

        • serum monoclonal protein ≥0.5 g/dL by protein electrophoresis (routine serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation performed at local lab),
        • serum free light chain (FLC) ≥2.0 mg/dL (20 mg/L) with an abnormal kappa:lambda ratio or the difference between involved and uninvolved free light chains (dFLC) ≥2mg/dL (20 mg/L). Serum free light chains (FLCs) will be measured using the Freelite assay at a central laboratory
        • Note: Measurable disease by Urine Bence-Jones Proteinuria is not sufficient for study enrolment.

        AND

     3. Cardiac involvement by AL amyloidosis according to consensus guidelines

  3. Mayo Stage 3B disease, defined as both A. increased cardiac troponin (hsTnT > 54 pg/ml) AND B. increased NT-proBNP ≥ 8500 pg/ml

  4. For subjects with congestive heart failure, symptoms should be optimally managed and clinically stable with no cardiovascular-related hospitalizations within 2 weeks prior to Cycle 1 Day 1, as assessed by the Principal Investigator. [See also exclusion criteria 3]

  5. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status (PS) 0, 1, 2 or 3

  6. Subject must have pre-treatment clinical laboratory values meeting the following criteria during the Screening Phase:

     1. Absolute neutrophil count ≥1.0 × 109/L;
     2. Hemoglobin level ≥8.0 g/dL (≥5 mmol/L)
     3. Platelet count ≥75 × 109/L; platelet transfusions are NOT acceptable
     4. Alanine aminotransferase level (ALT) ≤2.5 x the upper limit of normal (ULN);
     5. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤2.5 x ULN
     6. Total bilirubin level ≤1.5 × ULN, except for subjects with history of Gilbert Syndrome, in which case direct bilirubin ≤ 2 × ULN
     7. Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) ≥20 mL/min; Please note that the eGFR is measured using the CKD-EPI equation

  7. Women of childbearing potential must commit to either abstain continuously from heterosexual sexual intercourse (if this is the preferred and usual lifestyle of the subject) or to use 2 methods of reliable birth control simultaneously. This includes one highly effective form of contraception (tubal ligation, intrauterine device, hormonal [birth control pills, injections, hormonal patches, vaginal rings or implants] or partner's vasectomy) and one additional effective contraceptive method (male latex or synthetic condom, diaphragm, or cervical cap). Contraception must begin prior to dosing and continue for 1 year after discontinuation of cyclophosphamide or 3 months after discontinuation of daratumumab, whichever is longer. Reliable contraception is indicated even where there has been a history of infertility, unless due to hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy.

  8. During the study and for 3 months after receiving the last dose of daratumumab, female subjects must agree not to donate eggs (ova, oocytes) for the purposes of assisted reproduction.

  9. A man who is sexually active with a woman of childbearing potential and has not had a vasectomy must agree to use a barrier method of birth control, e.g. either condom with spermicidal foam/gel/film/cream/suppository or partner with occlusive cap (diaphragm or cervical/vault caps) with spermicidal foam/gel/film/cream/suppository during and up to 3 months after discontinuation of daratumumab. All men must not donate sperm during the study and for 3 months after discontinuation of daratumumab.

  10. Female subjects of childbearing potential must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test within 14 days prior to Cycle 1 Day 1. For requirements during the Treatment Phase, please see the Time and Events Schedule.

  11. Each subject must sign an informed consent form (ICF) indicating that he or she understands the purpose of the procedures required for the study and are willing to participate in the study. Subjects must be willing and able to adhere to the prohibitions and restrictions specified in this protocol, as referenced in the ICF.

Exclusion criteria

Any potential subject who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participating in the study:

1. Prior therapy for AL amyloidosis or multiple myeloma with the exception of 160 mg dexamethasone (or equivalent steroid) prior to Cycle 1 Day 1

2. Previous or current diagnosis of symptomatic multiple myeloma including the presence of lytic bone disease, plasmacytomas, ≥ 60% plasma cells in the bone marrow, and/or hypercalcemia.

3. Evidence of significant cardiovascular conditions as specified below:

   1. New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification of heart failure, stages IIIB or IV
   2. Heart failure that in the opinion of the investigator is on the basis of ischemic heart disease (eg prior myocardial infarction with documented history of cardiac enzyme elevation and electrocardiogram (ECG) changes) or uncorrected valvular disease, and not due to AL amyloid cardiomyopathy
   3. Hospitalization for unstable angina or myocardial infarction, or percutaneous cardiac intervention with recent stent, or coronary artery bypass grafting, all within 6 months prior to first dose
   4. Subjects with a history of sustained ventricular tachycardia or aborted ventricular fibrillation or with a history of atrioventricular (AV) nodal or sinoatrial (SA) nodal dysfunction for which a pacemaker/ICD is indicated but will not be placed (subjects who do have a pacemaker/ ICD are allowed in the study)
   5. Screening 12-lead ECG showing a baseline QT interval as corrected by Fridericia's formula (QTcF) >500 msec. Subjects who have pacemaker may be included regardless of calculated QTc interval.
   6. Supine systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg, or symptomatic orthostatic hypotension, defined as a decrease in systolic blood pressure upon standing of >20 mmHg despite medical management (e.g. midodrine, fludrocortisones) in the absence of volume depletion

4. Subjects planning to undergo a stem cell transplant during the first 6 cycles of protocol therapy are excluded. Stem cell collection during the first 6 cycles of protocol therapy is permitted

5. Diagnosed or treated for malignancy other than AL, except:

   1. Malignancy treated with curative intent and with no known active disease present for ≥24 months before Cycle 1 Day 1
   2. Adequately treated non-melanoma skin cancer or lentigo maligna without evidence of disease
   3. Adequately treated carcinoma in situ (e.g. cervical, breast) with no evidence of disease

6. Subject has known chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with a Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) <50% of predicted normal. Note that FEV1 testing is required for subjects suspected of having COPD and subjects must be excluded if FEV1 <50% of predicted normal.

7. Subject has known moderate or severe persistent asthma within the past 2 years, or currently has uncontrolled asthma of any classification. (Note that subjects who currently have controlled intermittent asthma or controlled mild persistent asthma are allowed in the study).

8. Subject is known to be seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV positive subjects who are stable on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with no opportunistic infections within the last 6 months are eligible.

9. Subjects known to be:

   1. Seropositive for hepatitis B (defined by a positive test for hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]). Subjects with resolved infection (ie, subjects who are HBsAg negative but positive for antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen [antiHBc] and/or antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen [antiHBs]) must be screened using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) measurement of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels. Those who are PCR positive will be excluded. EXCEPTION: Subjects with serologic findings suggestive of HBV vaccination (antiHBs positivity as the only serologic marker) AND a known history of prior HBV vaccination, do not need to be tested for HBV DNA by PCR.
   2. Seropositive for hepatitis C (except in the setting of a sustained virologic response [SVR], defined as aviremia at least 12 weeks after completion of antiviral therapy).

10. Subject has any concurrent medical condition or disease (eg, active systemic infection) that is likely to interfere with study procedures or results, or that in the opinion of the investigator would constitute a hazard for participating in this study.

11. Any form of non-AL amyloidosis including, wild type or mutated (ATTR) amyloidosis.

12. Subject has known allergies, hypersensitivity or intolerance to monoclonal antibodies or human proteins, or their excipients (refer to Investigator Brochure), or known sensitivity to mammalian-derived products.

13. Subject is known or suspected of not being able to comply with the study protocol (eg, because of alcoholism, drug dependency, or psychological disorder) or the subject has any condition for which, in the opinion of the investigator, participation would not be in the best interest of the subject (e.g., compromise their well-being) or that could prevent, limit or confound the protocol-specified assessments.

14. Subject is a female who is pregnant or breast-feeding or planning to become pregnant while enrolled in this study or within 3 months following discontinuation of daratumumab.

15. Subject has received an investigational drug (including investigational vaccines) or used an invasive investigational medical device within 4 weeks prior to Cycle 1, Day 1.

16. Subject has had major surgery within 2 weeks prior to Cycle 1, Day 1, or will not have fully recovered from surgery, or has surgery planned during the time the subject is expected to participate in the study or within 2 weeks after the last dose of study drug administration. Note: subjects with planned surgical procedures to be conducted under local anesthesia may participate.

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: N/A

Interventional model: Single Group Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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40 participants in 1 patient group

Daratumumab

Experimental group

Description:

Daratumumab monotherapy 16 mg/kg intravenous infusion (iv) or 1800 mg subcutaneous injection (sc) weekly for Cycles 1-2, every 2 weeks for Cycles 3-6 and every 4 weeks thereafter. Subjects who do not achieve either a hematologic VGPR or better, OR a hematologic PR with a major organ response by Cycle 4 Day 1 may receive, in addition to daratumumab, bortezomib (for a maximum of 6 cycles) and low dose dexamethasone.

Treatment:

Drug: Bortezomib Injection

Drug: Dexamethasone oral tablet

Drug: Daratumumab