Acute Effects of Fats on Satiety and Energy Needs

USDA Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center

Status: Completed

Conditions: Obesity

Treatments: Other: LCn3; Other: SFA; Other: MUFA; Other: PUFA-LA; Other: ALA

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other U.S. Federal agency

Identifiers

NCT02496936

GFHNRC508

Details and patient eligibility

About

The purpose of this study is to assess the acute effect of dietary fat on satiety and energy metabolism.

Full description

The influences of specific dietary fat sources on satiety, appetite and energy utilization remains unclear; evidence is lacking on whether responses vary according to acute intake. The researchers will use a controlled setting to determine whether the source of dietary fat is related to perceived satiety, satiety hormone responses, and energy expenditure by conducting experiments to evaluate short term (acute) effects.

Enrollment: 23 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 50 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• body mass index between 18.0-34.9 kg/m2
• free of major diagnosed, untreated medical conditions
• controlled hypertension
• non-smoking or use of other tobacco products, including e-cigarettes
• not taking steroid-based medications
• not planning to or currently attempting to gain or lose weight
• willing to comply with study demands
• use of oral contraceptives
• low intake of long chain omega 3 fatty acids

Exclusion criteria

• diagnosed eating disorders
• diabetes (blood sugar ≥ 126 mg/dl)
• hypertension (systolic ≥ 160 mmHg or diastolic > 100 mmHg)
• diagnosed cardiovascular, pulmonary, skeletal and metabolic disease
• currently pregnant or planning to become pregnant, or lactating
• taking medications known to affect appetite, blood lipids, body composition, body weight, or food intake (appetite control drugs, steroids, antidepressants)

Trial design

Primary purpose: Other

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Crossover Assignment

Masking: Quadruple Blind

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23 participants in 5 patient groups

Saturated Fat (SFA)

Experimental group

Description:

30 grams saturated fat in the form of heavy whipping cream will be provided to subject in a smoothie drink

Treatment:

Other: SFA

Monounsaturated Fat (MUFA)

Experimental group

Description:

30 grams monounsaturated fat in the form of high oleic canola oil will be provided to subject in a smoothie drink

Treatment:

Other: MUFA

Polyunsaturated Fat Linoleic (PUFA-LA)

Experimental group

Description:

30 grams polyunsaturated fat in the form of high linoleic sunflower oil will be provided to subject in a smoothie drink

Treatment:

Other: PUFA-LA

Polyunsaturated Fat Alpha-Linolenic (ALA)

Experimental group

Description:

30 grams polyunsaturated fat in the form of flaxseed oil will be provided to subject in a smoothie drink

Treatment:

Other: ALA

Polyunsaturated Fat Long Chain Omega-3 (LCn3)

Experimental group

Description:

30 grams polyunsaturated fat in the form of fish oil (Coromega Omega3 Squeeze) will be provided to subject in a smoothie drink

Treatment:

Other: LCn3