Adebrelimab Combined With Carboplatin and Albumin-bound Taxanol in the Treatment of Resectable Locally Advanced Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cardiac, Randomized, Phase II Exploratory Study

Sun Yat-sen University

Status and phase: Not yet enrolling; Phase 2

Conditions: Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy; Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)

Treatments: Drug: Three courses of preoperative neoadjuvant immunotherapy chemotherapy; Drug: Two courses of preoperative neoadjuvant immunotherapy chemotherapy; Drug: Preoperative neoadjuvant immunotherapy chemotherapy

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT07137858

SYSKY-2025-487-02

Details and patient eligibility

About

Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy can effectively increase the postoperative pathological complete response rate, improve the survival rate of patients, and reduce the risk of recurrence in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) plays a role in inhibiting the cancer-immune cycle by binding to negative regulatory factors of T cell activation such as PD-1 and B7.1. It has achieved good therapeutic effects in lung cancer, liver cancer and other cancers. Previous studies have shown that three cycles of PD-L1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy have satisfactory efficacy and safety in locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, during the three-cycle treatment process, due to the accumulation of drug toxicity, patients' tolerance to adverse reactions decreases, increasing the risk of serious adverse events and psychological pressure on patients. Based on this, this study aims to explore the efficacy of two cycles of avelumab (PD-L1 inhibitor) combined with chemotherapy in locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma, to explore whether it can achieve the same efficacy as three cycles while shortening the treatment time, reduce the risk of serious adverse events, and further verify the efficacy and safety of PD-L1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma. This study uses the postoperative pathological complete response (PCR) rate as the primary outcome indicator, and the objective response rate (ORR), major pathological response (MPR) rate, 2-year disease-free survival (EFS) rate, and 2-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) rate as secondary outcome indicators to evaluate the efficacy and long-term survival impact.

Enrollment: 70 estimated patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 75 years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

1. Age between 18 and 75 years old;
2. According to the 8th edition guidelines of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), patients with pathologically confirmed head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (oral cavity including cheek, tongue, gum, floor of mouth, palate, maxillary sinus), and having stage III-IVB tumors other than oropharyngeal cancer;
3. Before enrollment, the resectable tumors were evaluated by head and neck surgeons, and clinical evidence of distant metastasis was excluded;
4. According to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1, at least one measurable tumor lesion was present;
5. The performance status of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) was 0-1;
6. Blood routine: White blood cell count (WBC) ≥ 3.0×109/L; Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.5×109/L; Platelet (PLT) ≥ 100×109/L; Hemoglobin level (HGB) ≥ 9.0 g/dL (without corresponding supportive treatments such as blood transfusion and increase in white blood cells within 7 days);
7. Liver function: For patients without liver metastasis, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 2.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN); Albumin (ALB) ≥ 30 g/L;
8. Renal function: Serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 times ULN or creatinine clearance rate (CrCl) ≥ 50 mL/min (using the Cockcroft/Gault formula); Urinary protein (UPRO) < (++), or 24-hour urine protein quantity < 1.0 gram;
9. HPV status of oropharyngeal cancer was determined by p16 IHC. If more than 70% of tumor cells showed strong diffuse nuclear and cytoplasmic staining, the sample was considered p16 positive;
10. Within the past 30 days, no other clinical trial projects were participated in;
11. Patients who voluntarily participated in this project and signed the informed consent form.

Exclusion criteria

1. The patient's blood indicators were abnormal, and their liver and kidney functions were also abnormal. After a multidisciplinary consultation, it was determined that they could not tolerate the process of this clinical study.
2. The patient had previously suffered from tumors in other parts of the body, or had undergone anti-tumor treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy in the past.
3. Due to personal, social, or economic reasons, they were unable to complete the entire clinical study process.
4. The patient had previously suffered from severe systemic diseases that could not be cured or controlled by medication.

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Single Blind

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70 participants in 2 patient groups

Short-distance group

Experimental group

Description:

Each treatment course lasts for three weeks. On the first day of each three-week period, albumin-bound paclitaxel 260mg/m2, carboplatin AUC=5 and adebrelimab 1200mg were administered intravenously. Two treatment courses were carried out in total, and surgery was performed 21 days after the end of the second course of medication. Postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy were administered based on the pathological stage. Patients who did not require radiotherapy received adebrelimab (PD-L1 inhibitor) monotherapy maintenance. Patients who required radiotherapy and chemotherapy received monotherapy maintenance during the same period. The duration of medication for all patients was one year (from the first medication time at the initial diagnosis to the last medication time after surgery).

Treatment:

Drug: Preoperative neoadjuvant immunotherapy chemotherapy

Drug: Two courses of preoperative neoadjuvant immunotherapy chemotherapy

Long-distance group

Active Comparator group

Description:

Each treatment course lasts for three weeks. On the first day of each three-week period, albumin-bound paclitaxel 260mg/m2, carboplatin AUC=5 and adebrelimab 1200mg are administered intravenously. This treatment is carried out for a total of three cycles, and surgery is performed 21 days after the end of the third cycle. Post-surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are administered based on the pathological stage. Patients who do not require radiotherapy receive adebrelimab (PD-L1 inhibitor) monotherapy maintenance. Patients who require radiotherapy and chemotherapy receive monotherapy maintenance simultaneously. The duration of medication for all patients is one year (from the first administration after diagnosis to the last administration after surgery).

Treatment:

Drug: Preoperative neoadjuvant immunotherapy chemotherapy

Drug: Three courses of preoperative neoadjuvant immunotherapy chemotherapy