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Airway assessment using ultrasonography can provide an additional information in identifying difficult intubation in OSA patients. The main purpose of this study is to find the correlation of the ultrasound parameters and the Cormack Lehane Score (CL Score) as well as to identify the cut-off point of the ultrasound parameters that would differentiate between the easy and difficult intubation.
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Research design
This is a cross sectional study. Involving face-to-face interview, USG airway assessment and Cormack Lehane score assessment. The patient will be identified from locations listed below:
Once consent obtained from the patient, information regarding surgery and date of surgery will be recorded in the patient's data collection sheet. Patient's STOPBANG score and AHI score will also be recorded.
The airway ultrasonography will be performed by the principal investigator using a standardized ultrasound machine (NextGen LOGIC e Ultrasound with 12L-RS wide band linear array 5-13 MHz frequency probe) under supervision by a radiologist. The procedure will be performed at the recovery bay in the operation theatre. The following measurements will be done and recorded for future statistical analysis.
Cormack Lehane score will be obtained during induction of General Anaesthesia and Intubation in OT on the specified OT date. Conventional direct laryngoscope will be used for CL score determination. Medical Officer of more than 2 years' experiences in anaesthesiology will be requested to intubate the patient to minimize bias. CL scores are as described below
CL 1: Most of glottis Visible CL 2: Half of the glottis seen CL 3: Only epiglottis visible CL4: No laryngeal structure visible
Study area: Hospital Sultanah Nurzahirah, Kuala Terengganu Study population: Adult patient age between 18 to 65, diagnosed or suspected OSA, planned for operation under General Anaesthesia
Sample size estimation
st Objective :
To determine the correlation between airway ultrasonography measurements and CL score.
Using R package pwr
For PE
For E-VC
For ratio PE/E-VC
nd and 3rdobjective
2nd objective: To determine the best cut off point of airway ultrasonography measurement in predicting the difficulty in intubation using CL (difficult vs less difficult)
3rd objective: To determine the accuracy of cut-off point in determining difficult intubation. (AUC) )
Receiver Operating characteristics (ROC) curve power calculation using R
Based on previous study, the incidence of difficult intubation in OSA patient is 19.3%. Hence kappa: 4. Using pROC package in R, based on the above values and data, the investigators need at least 24 cases of difficult intubation and 41 cases of non-difficult intubation (to detect AUC of 0.7 from 0.5 null hypothesis). So, total patients required is at least 65
Sampling method and subject recruitment As mentioned above, this is a cross sectional study. Involving face-to-face interview, USG airway assessment and Cormack Lehane score assessment. After the samples identified at the specific locations mentioned and they will be approached for consent. Once agreed, the patient will be recruited for the study.
Data analysis
Statistical Analysis Plan For objective 1
• Intended statistical analysis: Spearman correlation
For objective 2 and 3
AUC in the ROC curve will be calculated accordingly based on the study results
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Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov
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