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Alcohol and Innate Immunity

M

Medical University of Graz

Status

Completed

Conditions

Binge Drinking

Treatments

Other: Fructose
Other: Alcohol
Other: vehicle
Other: Glucose

Study type

Observational

Funder types

Other

Identifiers

NCT02568904
Alcohol01

Details and patient eligibility

About

Alcohol leads to a leaky gut and translocation of bacterial products. This may lead to inflammation and immune dysfunction as well as the typical hangover symptoms.

Full description

Alcohol binge drinking, defined as 5 or more drinks for men and 4 or more drinks for women at one time, is the most frequent form of alcohol consumption worldwide, especially in younger people. This drinking pattern is popular and leads to increased mortality and morbidity. Therefore binge drinking is a major public health issue. The behavioural and neurological consequences of binge drinking are well characterized.

Less is known about the systemic effects on the gut as the first organ in contact with alcohol. Chronic alcohol intake can lead to increased gut permeability, bacterial translocation and alterations in the gut microbiome in animal models. Recently bacterial translocation has been shown in healthy volunteers after a single alcohol binge. On immune cells, acute alcohol intake seems to have dichotomous effects. On the one hand immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects have been described, however, alcohol induced liver injury is driven by pro-inflammatory reactions. These immune effects seem to be driven by endotoxin or other bacterial products via Toll-like receptors that are translocated to the circulation via a defective gut barrier. Immune effects of alcohol have also been linked to hangover symptoms after an alcohol binge.

Furthermore there is evidence that endotoxemia might also contributes to alcohol dependence by promoting prolonged and increased voluntary alcohol intake in mice. On the other hand mutant mice lacking important genes for immune responses exhibit decreased alcohol consumption. This indicates that immune signaling promotes alcohol consumption. Therefore it is tempting to speculate that increased gut permeability leading to increased bacterial translocation after an acute alcohol binge could promote the desire for further alcohol consumption.

The investigators aim to test in this pilot trial whether one alcohol binge damages gut barrier function, increases bacterial translocation and causes innate immune dysfunction. Furthermore the effect of glucose and fructose will be studied too.

Enrollment

46 patients

Sex

All

Ages

18 to 99 years old

Volunteers

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

  • Participant is willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the study.
  • Age above 18 years
  • Willingness to abstain from alcohol 48h prior to the study visits

Exclusion criteria

  • Alcohol abuse .Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test ≥ 8 in men or ≥ 7 in women or CAGE test ≥ 2 (both men and women)
  • Elevated liver function test
  • Any disease or medication that does not allow concomitant consumption of alcohol
  • Women: pregnancy and lactation

Trial design

46 participants in 4 patient groups

Alcohol binge
Description:
Healthy volunteers receive 2ml vodka 40% per kg bodyweight as a binge
Treatment:
Other: Alcohol
Fructose
Description:
75 g Fructose orally
Treatment:
Other: Fructose
Glucose
Description:
75 g Glucose orally
Treatment:
Other: Glucose
Vehicle
Description:
2ml tap water per kg body weight
Treatment:
Other: vehicle

Trial contacts and locations

1

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Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov

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