An Open-Label, Phase 1 Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Subcutaneous Elamipretide in Subjects With Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Stealth BioTherapeutics

Status and phase: Completed; Phase 1

Conditions: Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Treatments: Drug: Elamipretide

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Industry

Identifiers

NCT02848313

SPIAM-101

Details and patient eligibility

About

This is an open-label, Phase 1 single-center study in approximately 40 subjects who have 1 eye with intermediate AMD, including a high-risk drusen without geographic atrophy (GA) subgroup and a noncentral GA subgroup. Eligible subjects will receive 40 mg of elamipretide administered as a once daily 1.0 mL subcutaneous injection for 12 weeks.

Enrollment: 40 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 55+ years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

For this study, only 1 eye of an eligible subject will be included and designated as the study eye. However, all specified ophthalmic testing will be performed on both eyes at each time point. A potential subject must meet the following criteria to be eligible for inclusion in the study:

Intermediate AMD - noncentral GA disease group:

1. Adults ≥ 55 years of age with 1 eye with intermediate AMD - noncentral GA.

2. No evidence of choroidal neovascularization (active or prior history) in the study eye.

3. Geographic atrophy may be multifocal, but the cumulative GA lesion size must be:

   1. ≥ 1.27 mm2 (approximately ≥ 0.5 DA) and ≤ 10.16 mm2 (approximately ≤ 4 DA).
   2. Must reside completely within the FAF imaging field (field 2 to 30-degree image centered on the fovea).

4. Presence of measurable hyperautofluorescence adjacent to the discrete foci of GA.

   OR

   Intermediate AMD - high-risk drusen without GA disease group:

5. ≥ 55 years of age with one eye with intermediate AMD - high-risk drusen without GA.

6. High-risk drusen is defined as presence of either at least 1 large (≥ 125 µm) druse or multiple medium-size (between 63 and 124 µm) drusen.

   General (both disease groups):

7. Able to provide informed consent and willing to comply with all study visits and examinations.

8. Women of childbearing potential who are not pregnant or nursing and have a negative serum pregnancy test at screening.

9. Best-corrected visual acuity assessed by ETDRS letters ≥ 55 letters (Snellen equivalent ≥ 20/70).

10. Low-luminance visual acuity deficit (defined as difference between BCVA and LL visual acuity) > 5 letters.

11. Has at least two Low-Luminance Questionnaire sub scale results, in which one of the abnormal subscales is either general dim light vision or dim light reading.

12. The fellow eye may have intermediate AMD without noncentral GA (i.e., high-risk drusen), intermediate AMD with noncentral GA, NV AMD, or central GA. Ongoing treatment with antiangiogenic therapies in the fellow eye is allowable.

13. No evidence of visually significant cataract OR pseudophakia without evidence of posterior capsular opacity.

14. Sufficiently clear ocular media, adequate pupillary dilation, fixation to permit quality fundus imaging, and able to cooperate sufficiently for adequate ophthalmic visual function testing and anatomic assessment.

15. Able to administer SC study drug solution as demonstrated at screening or able to have a care provider or appropriate designee who can administer the study drug (i.e., a capable family member or home health nursing aide).

16. If of childbearing potential or in a relationship with a partner of childbearing potential, are able to abstain from sex or use acceptable contraception during the study and for 3 months after dosing.

    1. For men: Abstinence is only acceptable if it is in line with the preferred and usual lifestyle of the subject. The subject also agrees to use an acceptable method of contraception should they become sexually active. Subjects must use a condom with spermicide from the date of informed consent until at least 3 months after the last dose of study drug. Periodic abstinence (e.g.calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, or postovulation methods) and withdrawal are not acceptable methods of contraception.
    2. For women: abstinence is only acceptable when it is in line with the preferred and usual lifestyle of the subject. The subject agrees to use an acceptable method of contraception should they become sexually active. Maintenance of a monogamous relationship with a male partner who has been surgically sterilized by vasectomy (the vasectomy procedure must have been conducted at least 60 days before the Screening visit or confirmed via sperm analysis), barrier method (e.g., condom or occlusive cap) with spermicidal foam/gel/film/cream AND either hormonal contraception (oral, implanted, or injectable) or an intrauterine device or system are acceptable methods.

17. Ability and willingness to undertake all scheduled visits and assessments.

Exclusion criteria

A subject with study eye who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from the study:

Ocular conditions - study eye

1. Age-related macular degeneration with any evidence of central GA (i.e., involving the fovea).

2. Atrophic retinal disease because of causes other than AMD.

3. Presence or diagnosis of exudative AMD or choroidal neovascularization in the study eye.

4. History of diabetic retinopathy (a history of diabetes mellitus without retinopathy is not a criterion for exclusion).

5. Presence of vitreous hemorrhage.

6. History of retinal detachment or macular hole (stage 3 or 4) in the study eye.

7. Presence of macular pucker.

8. History of uncontrolled glaucoma, defined as advanced cup-to-disc ratio > 0.7 and IOP > 25, with or without topical antihypertensive eye drops; treatment of ocular hypertension or controlled glaucoma are not criteria for exclusion.

9. History of advanced guttae indicative of Fuchs endothelial dystrophy.

10. Presence of visually significant cataract OR presence of significant posterior capsular opacity in the setting of Pseudophakia.

11. Presence of significant keratopathy that would cause scattering of light or alter visual function, especially in LL conditions.

12. Ocular incisional surgery (including cataract surgery) in the study eye within 3 months (i.e. 90 days) before Day 1.

13. Aphakia.

14. History of vitrectomy surgery, submacular surgery, or any vitreoretinal surgery.

15. Prior treatment with Visudyne ® (verteporfin), external-beam radiation therapy (for intraocular conditions), or transpupillary thermotherapy.

16. History of prophylactic subthreshold laser treatment for retinal disease.

17. Previous intravitreal drug delivery (e.g., intravitreal corticosteroid injection, anti-angiogenic drugs, or device implantation) in the study eye.

    Ocular conditions - either eye

18. Active uveitis and/or vitritis (grade trace or above) in either eye.

19. History of idiopathic or autoimmune-associated uveitis in either eye.

20. Active, infectious conjunctivitis, keratitis, scleritis, or endophthalmitis in either eye.

    Systemic conditions

21. Known to be immunocompromised or receiving systemic immunosuppression.

22. Any disease or medical condition that in the opinion of the Investigator would prevent the subject from participating in the study or might confound study results.

23. Estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/minute, by MDRD.

24. Presence or history of clinically significant allergy disease requiring treatment, as judged by the Investigator. Hay fever is allowed unless it is active.

    General

25. Participation in other investigational drug or device clinical trials within 30 days before enrollment, or planning to participate in any other investigational drug or device clinical trials within 30 days of study completion.

26. History of allergy to fluorescein that is not amenable to treatment.

27. Inability to comply with study or follow-up procedures.

28. Inability to obtain color fundus photograph, FAF, and fluorescein angiography of sufficient quality to be analyzed and interpreted.

29. History of allergic reaction to the investigational drug or any of its components.

30. Current use of or likely need for any excluded medication.

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Non-Randomized

Interventional model: Single Group Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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40 participants in 2 patient groups

Intermediate AMD - HRD without GA

Experimental group

Description:

Participants had one 1 eye with intermediate age-related macular degeneration with high-risk drusen without geographic atrophy \[GA\]), i.e. the presence of either at least 1 large (≥125 μm) druse or multiple medium-size (63-124 μm) drusen. Participants received 40 mg dose of elamipretide administered once daily as a 1.0mL SC injection.

Treatment:

Drug: Elamipretide

Intermediate AMD with NCGA

Experimental group

Description:

Participants had 1 eye with intermediate AMD with noncentral geographic atrophy \[NCGA\]; i.e. evidence of GA with cumulative area ≥1.27 mm2 (approximately 0.5 disc area\[DA\]) by fundus autofluorescence (FAF) that spared the fovea (defined as retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and outer retina intact by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography \[SD-OCT\]). Participants in this arm also received 40 mg dose of elamipretide administered once daily as a 1.0mL SC injection.

Treatment:

Drug: Elamipretide