Assessing the Effect of an Antioxidant-Rich Diet on Metabolic Syndrome Risk Using the Dietary Antioxidant Index (AD-MetS-DAI)

University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore - Pakistan

Status: Enrolling

Conditions: Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors

Treatments: Other: Antioxidant-Focused Diet Intervention

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT07354438

UniversityVAS3

Details and patient eligibility

About

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic disorders characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and abdominal obesity. Globally, it is a major public health concern. International studies have linked higher Dietary Antioxidant Index with reduced risk of MetS, as antioxidants play a role in lowering the risk of MetS by reducing oxidative stress, a key contributor to its pathophysiology. Exploring this link in Pakistan can provide valuable insights for dietary strategies to reduce the risk of MetS.

Full description

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic disorders characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and abdominal obesity. Globally, it is a major public health concern. International studies have linked higher Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI) scores with reduced risk of MetS, as antioxidants play a role in lowering the risk of MetS by reducing oxidative stress, a key contributor to its pathophysiology. Exploring this link in Pakistan can provide valuable insights for dietary strategies to reduce the risk of MetS.

Hypothesis: A dietary intervention aimed at improving Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI) scores beneficially affects Metabolic Syndrome risk factors among urban adults at risk of developing Metabolic Syndrome.

Material and Methods: A single-group pre-post human interventional study will be conducted among at-risk urban adults identified through the NCEP ATP III and WHO criteria. Dietary recalls will be analyzed in NutriSurvey using the Pakistan Food Composition Table, and any missing nutrient values will be supplemented from the Indian Food Composition Table. Nutrient data will be used to calculate the Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI). Individuals with low DAI will receive dietary intervention.

Statistical Analysis: Pre-post changes in DAI and MetS markers will be assessed using paired t-tests, and Pearson's correlation will determine their associations using SPSS 25.

Expected Outcomes: The intervention is expected to reduce key Metabolic Syndrome risk factors while increasing individuals' awareness and motivation to adopt healthier behaviors.

Enrollment: 55 estimated patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 45 years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Adults aged 18-45 years
• Metabolic syndrome risk (abdominal obesity & elevated BP as per NCEP ATP III criteria).
• Low fruit & veg intake (<5 serv./day) as per WHO.
• Willing to follow an intervention
• Non-pregnant or lactating
• Not diagnosed with malabsorption syndrome or chronic illness

Exclusion criteria

• Individuals < 18 years or > 45 years
• Not at risk of metabolic syndrome.
• Adequate intake of fruits & veg (≥ 5 serv./day) as per WHO
• Not willing
• Pregnant or lactating
• Diagnosed with malabsorption syndrome or chronic illness

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: N/A

Interventional model: Single Group Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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55 participants in 1 patient group

Dietary Antioxidant Index-Based Dietary Intervention Arm

Experimental group

Description:

Participants in this arm will receive an antioxidant-rich dietary intervention designed to improve the Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI). The intervention includes guidance to increase intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and antioxidant-rich foods while limiting pro-oxidant and ultra-processed foods. Changes in DAI and metabolic syndrome components will be assessed before and after the intervention.

Treatment:

Other: Antioxidant-Focused Diet Intervention