Awareness in Old Aged Patients During Laryngoscopy and Intubation Using Isolated Forearm Technique

Ain Shams University

Status and phase: Completed; Phase 4

Conditions: Recall Phenomenon; Inhalation; Gas; Awareness, Anesthesia

Treatments: Drug: Sevoflurane; Drug: TIVA

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT05019560

R 153 / 2021

Details and patient eligibility

About

Awareness during general anesthesia - that has an incidence between 0.1% and 0.9% of cases and may be more in elderly - remains a concern for anesthesiologists. Awareness experiences range from isolated auditory perceptions to reports of a patient being fully awake, immobilized, and in pain. The isolated forearm technique allows assessment of consciousness of the external world (connected consciousness) through a verbal command to move the hand (of a tourniquet-isolated arm) during intended general anesthesia.

Full description

Objective: To compare inhalational induction versus intravenous induction regarding awareness during laryngoscopy and intubation in elderly patients undergoing day case elective surgery.

Enrollment: 50 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 60 to 80 years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• 50 American society of anesthesiologists- Physical status (ASA-PS) I and II patients,
• aged 60 to 80 years,
• 70-80 kg,
• both sexes,
• with intact hearing,
• undergoing elective day case surgery were included in the study.

Exclusion criteria

1. Uncooperative patients,
2. Language barrier problems,
3. Psychological disorders,
4. Suspected difficult intubation,
5. History of awareness under anesthesia,
6. History of substance abuse,
7. The inability to have tourniquet on arm for the IFT (e.g., lymphedema or operative site)
8. Neuromuscular disorders.
9. Advanced renal, hepatic, cardiac, respiratory or neurological dysfunction
10. If rapid sequence induction was indicated (not suitable for inhalation induction).

Trial design

Primary purpose: Diagnostic

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Triple Blind

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50 participants in 2 patient groups

Group A

Active Comparator group

Description:

In group A: * The researcher, who supervised the anesthesia, explained the concept of the study to all patients before induction, and then a tourniquet was placed around the dominant arm of the patients after placing a cotton bandage; to be inflated to 200mmHg or 40 mmHg above the systolic blood pressure of the patient; immediately before administration of the muscle relaxant later on. * Patients received inhalation induction using sevoflurane 8% and fentanyl 2 µg/kg was administered intravenously. After loss of consciousness, and BIS value of 50 or less, the tourniquet cuff was inflated then atracurium 0.5 mg/kg was given intravenously and sevoflurane reduced to 2%, then laryngoscopy and intubation were done when action of neuromuscular blocker (NMB) was confirmed by the disappearance of T3,T4. During this time, mask assisted ventilation with 100% oxygen was used to achieve normocapnia

Treatment:

Drug: Sevoflurane

Group B

Active Comparator group

Description:

In group B: * The researcher, who supervised the anesthesia, explained the concept of the study to all patients before induction, and then a tourniquet was placed around the dominant arm of the patients after placing a cotton bandage; to be inflated to 200mmHg or 40 mmHg above the systolic blood pressure of the patient; immediately before administration of the muscle relaxant later on. * In group B: propofol 1.5 mg/kg and fentanyl 2 µg/kg were administered intravenously. After loss of consciousness, and BIS value of 50 or less, the tourniquet cuff was inflated and then atracurium 0.5 mg/kg was given intravenously. Propofol infusion 6 mg/kg/hr was started, until action of neuromuscular blocker (NMB) was confirmed by disappearance of T3,T4, then laryngoscopy and intubation were done. The used dosing regimen is according to previous guidelines \[8\] \[9\].No inhalational agent was used. Mask assisted ventilation was used to achieve normocapnia.

Treatment:

Drug: TIVA