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Both dietary caloric restriction (CR) and physical exercise (PE) exert beneficial effects, which retard or prevent age-related diseases and prolong life span. Subjects with the metabolic syndrome age prematurely, therefore preventive measures should be initiated early. The present study intends to demonstrate that physical exercise and/or Mediterranean diet, in middle aged volunteers with the metabolic syndrome, preserve adequate adipose tissue functionality and retard skeletal muscle aging (assessed by mitochondrial biogenesis and accumulation of ROS), by activating several pathways, homologous to CR. The investigators plan to study this by using two approaches: 1) A cross- sectional model, in which the expression of the mentioned metabolic mediators, indicators of muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and muscle oxidative damage will be compared between men with different body compositions, fat distribution, muscle strength and exercise capacity (VO2max). Also, in these men the investigators will assess the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (as a measure of adaptive thermogenesis), and inflammatory markers (Interleukin 1-6, Interleukin 1ß and CCL2 chemokine (C-C motif ligand 2)) in preperitoneal adipose tissue, plus inflammation and adipogenesis potential of their cultured preadipocytes. Moreover, in vitro studies will evaluate the functional effects of exposure of a cell lyne of human adipocyte cells (LS14)to factors secreted by media conditioned by the patients´ adipose tissue explants. 2) A prospective intervention in overweight/moderately obese middle aged volunteers that will be assigned to a weight-maintenance period (as a control group), and then randomly y assigned to a Mediterranean diet, exercise training or diet plus training. Before and after 3 months of intervention the investigators will obtain muscle tissue samples to study the expression of Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1), uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1), mitochondrial DNA and oxidative damage indicators (8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine (oxodG), carboxymethyllysine (CML and its receptor (RAGE)). In vitro studies will evaluate the effect of circulating factors from the patients (serum) on LS14 inflammatory and adipogenic potential, at baseline and after 3 months of intervention.
Full description
METHODOLOGY:
This study will be composed of 2 parts:
I - CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY The aim of this section is to compare men with different body compositions, fat distribution and exercise capacity with respect to their muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative damage and energy flux regulator molecules, together with their adipose tissue inflammation, adipokine expression and thermogenic potential.
Inclusion criteria :
Exclusion criteria:
Before the operation and after signing a written informed consent, the following assessment will be performed:
A few days later, during the surgical procedure, a sample of muscle tissue (approximately 200 mg of internal abdominal oblique) will be obtained for measurement of:
During the same operation, 2 samples of adipose tissue will also be obtained, one subcutaneous (at the site of the incision) and the other preperitoneal (at the inguinal sac), for in vitro studies:
A small part of these adipose tissue samples will be placed in formaldehyde, fixed and stained with H.E for histologic estimation of adipocyte cell size.
II - INTERVENTION STUDY This section intends to demonstrate the effects of a low-AGEs Mediterranean diet and/or exercise, over skeletal muscle metabolic profile and adipogenic/inflammatory features of adipocytes.
Inclusion criteria:
Exclusion criteria:
Subjects will be invited to participate in a trial using a Mediterranean low-AGEs diet and/or physical exercise during 3 months. After signing a written informed consent,subjects will be allocated to one of these interventions, which will be randomly selected, and the following assessment will be performed, at baseline and after 3 months of intervention:
Enrollment
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Inclusion criteria
CROSS SECTIONAL: male sex, age 25 -50 years, with BMI ranging from 20 to 35 kg/mt2. INTERVENTION STUDY: Overweight or obese men and women aged 25 - 50 years interested in losing weight,will
Exclusion criteria
CROSS SECTIONAL : diabetes mellitus, chronic neuromuscular or neurological deficits precluding normal physical activity, heavy smoking (> 5 cigarettes per day), alcohol intake > 30 g/day and chronic diseases such as cancer, HIV-AIDS, renal, pulmonary, cardiac or hepatic conditions.
INTERVENTION STUDY: weight fluctuations (> 3 k in the last 3 months), diabetes mellitus, chronic neuromuscular or neurologic diseases, heavy smoking (> 5 cigarettes per day) and alcohol intake > 30 g/day, and chronic diseases such as cancer, HIV, renal, pulmonary, cardiac or hepatic conditions.
Primary purpose
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Interventional model
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83 participants in 4 patient groups
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Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov
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