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The study will be conducted during the preparatory period of the volleyball players and will span eight weeks. Throughout this period, athletes will continue their regular volleyball training four days per week, while the experimental group (n = 10) will perform rope training with blood flow restriction (BFR) twice per week, and the control group (n = 10) will perform the same rope training without BFR. Assessments will be carried out at the beginning of the 8-week period (pre-test) and at the end of the intervention (post-test). For both groups, all exercises will target the upper-extremity muscle groups. During the study, participants will be instructed to avoid consuming any medications, engaging in additional strenuous physical activities, and using any techniques or ergogenic aids that might influence the results. In both testing sessions, a standardized warm-up protocol will be implemented, consisting of a 5-minute treadmill run at 9 km/h on a Sprint Runner device (Hoggan Health Industries, Draper, UT), followed by 3 minutes of light full-body stretching. This warm-up procedure will be applied consistently across both groups to ensure standardization.
Full description
This study aims to investigate the effects of blood flow restriction (BFR) rope training on athletic performance, muscle strength, and muscle hypertrophy in male volleyball players through an eight-week intervention. Conducted during the athletes' preparatory period, the study requires participants to perform rope-training sessions four days per week in addition to their regular volleyball training. On the first day, all athletes will undergo anthropometric measurements, and a familiarization session will be conducted to minimize potential learning effects. Participants will then be randomly assigned to either a BFR rope-training experimental group (BFR) or a control group (CON) performing standard rope training. Both groups will follow a progressive training protocol consisting of three sets and five exercises, while the BFR group will train under a cuff pressure set at 60% of limb occlusion pressure (LOP). Throughout the training sessions, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), perceived discomfort (PD), OMNI-RES exercise difficulty, and PACES exercise enjoyment scores will be recorded. Pre- and post-intervention assessments will include ultrasound measurements of muscle thickness and cross-sectional area, one-repetition maximum (1RM) tests for biceps and triceps, upper-body strength tests (push-ups, sit-ups, and squats), shoulder strength using a Lafayette device, handgrip strength, aerobic endurance via the Yo-Yo IR1 test, anaerobic performance via the Wingate test, and volleyball serve speed measurements. All exercises will target upper-extremity muscle groups, and participants will be instructed to refrain from using any medications, ergogenic aids, or additional strenuous exercise that could influence outcomes. During both pre- and post-testing sessions, all athletes will complete a standardized warm-up protocol consisting of a 5-minute treadmill run at 9 km/h followed by 3 minutes of light full-body stretching. This comprehensive design aims to provide valuable insights into how BFR-based rope training influences performance adaptations in volleyball athletes.
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26 participants in 17 patient groups
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Neslihan Akçay, Doctorate; Neslihan Akçay, Doctorate
Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov
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