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Breastfeeding Education Through Clinical Demonstration for Primiparous Women to Prevent Sore Nipples and Engorgement

G

Gadjah Mada University

Status

Not yet enrolling

Conditions

Nipple Discharge
Nipple Infection
Engorgement

Treatments

Behavioral: breastfeeding positions and attachment practice.

Study type

Interventional

Funder types

Other

Identifiers

NCT06770595
GadjahMadaU03January2025

Details and patient eligibility

About

Several studies show that breastfeeding problems in the first days of birth pose a significant obstacle to successful breastfeeding. Among the most common breast problems experienced by mothers are breast abscesses, mastitis, nipple pain and sore nipples, engorgement, and flat or inverted nipples. Treatment for sore nipples and breast engorgement is mostly focused on medication. There is very little research that focuses on the impact of interventions regarding breastfeeding techniques carried out during the antenatal period to prevent sore nipples.

Knowing the effect of breastfeeding position and attachment education through clinical demonstration in third-trimester primigravida pregnant women to prevent sore nipples and engorgement.

This research uses quasi-experiments. The population in this research is a third-trimester pregnant woman in the Kasihan, Pajangan, Sewon, Banguntapan, Pleret, and Jetis Community Health Centers. The number of samples in this study was 100 divided into 2, namely 50 intervention groups and 50 control groups. breastfeeding education will be provided to pregnant women at 34-35 weeks of gestation, as led by a lactation counselor. The first session will take place at a puskesmas (public health center), where mothers will receive an e-booklet, followed by 40 minutes of hands-on clinical skills training for those in the intervention group. A second session will take place two weeks after the first session in the form of a home visit only for those in the intervention group. The outcome of this research is position, attachment, effective sucking, nipple pain, sore nipples, and engorgement. T-test and chi-square will be used to test differences and similarities between study groups.

Full description

Several studies show that breastfeeding problems in the first days of birth pose a significant obstacle to successful breastfeeding. Among the most common breast problems experienced by mothers are breast abscesses, mastitis, nipple pain and sore nipples, engorgement, and flat or inverted nipples. Treatment for sore nipples and breast engorgement is mostly focused on medication. There is very little research that focuses on the impact of interventions regarding breastfeeding techniques carried out during the antenatal period to prevent sore nipples. Knowing the effect of breastfeeding position and attachment education through clinical demonstration in third-trimester primigravida pregnant women to prevent sore nipples and engorgement.

This research is an experimental study with a quasi-experimental design, the equivalent-time samples design. The population in this research is a third-trimester pregnant woman in the Kasihan, Pajangan, Sewon, Banguntapan, Pleret, and Jetis Community Health Centers. The sampling method in this research used simple random sampling. The number of samples in this study was 100 divided into 2, namely 50 intervention groups and 50 control groups.

breastfeeding education will be provided to pregnant women at 34-35 weeks of gestation, as led by a lactation counselor. The first session will take place at a puskesmas (public health center), where mothers will receive an e-booklet, followed by 40 minutes of hands-on clinical skills training for those in the intervention group. A second session will take place two weeks after the first session in the form of a home visit only for those in the intervention group.

The selection of respondents was determined based on predetermined inclusion criteria. Next, respondents will be confirmed via WhatsApp so that the enumerator can meet with the respondent to provide an explanation regarding the progress of the research and ask for their willingness to participate in the research by signing an informed consent.

Respondents in the control group did not receive any special intervention. Furthermore, respondents were asked to confirm whether they had given birth in both the intervention group and the control group. A home visit will be carried out by a lactation counselor and enumerator one week postpartum. The first visit to the mother to assess breastfeeding positioning and latching practices, assess the baby's sucking, and evaluate nipple pain, sore nipples, and swollen breasts. The second home visit was carried out at 14 days postpartum to assess breastfeeding positioning and latching practices, assess the baby's sucking, and evaluate nipple pain, sore nipples and swollen breasts.

The outcome of this research is knowledge of breastfeeding techniques, position practice, and latching, evaluating the baby's sucking, nipple pain, sore nipples, and engorgement. T-test and chi-square will be used to test differences and similarities between study groups. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the impact of the intervention on tender nipples and swollen breasts to control confounding variables. The intervention effect is expressed as crude odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio, and the associated 95% CI will be obtained from the logistic regression model. The odds ratio was reported along with its 95% CI and was considered significantly significant statistics if the P value is <0.05.

Enrollment

100 estimated patients

Sex

Female

Ages

19 to 35 years old

Volunteers

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

  • Primigravida pregnant women who visited the Kasihan, Pajangan, Sewon, Banguntapan, Pleret, and Jetis health service centers
  • Single pregnancy
  • Mother has a mobile phone with internet access and can use WhatsApp Application
  • Plans to stay for 6 months in the research area
  • Willing to participate in the research by signing the informed consent

Exclusion criteria

  • Presence of congenital orofacial abnormalities (labio-gntao-palatoschisis, etc) that make breastfeeding difficult
  • Mother with breast problems (history of implant breast surgery)
  • The mother or baby experiences problems during labor or postpartum that may lead to research dropouts

Trial design

Primary purpose

Other

Allocation

N/A

Interventional model

Single Group Assignment

Masking

None (Open label)

100 participants in 1 patient group

Intervention group
Experimental group
Description:
The intervention group is third-trimester pregnant women with 34-35 weeks of gestation who received clinical demonstration education breastfeeding about position and attachment. The clinical demonstration is provided by a lactation counselor. Respondents in this group will receive education provided face-to-face with the clinical demonstration of breastfeeding positions and attachment. The education was given twice with a duration of 40 minutes to primigravida mothers aged 34-35 weeks gestation. For outcome measurement, A home visit will be carried out by a lactation counselor and enumerator 2 times, the first home visit in 7 days postpartum and the second home visit in 14 days postpartum, to assess breastfeeding positioning and latching practices, assess the baby's sucking, evaluate nipple pain, sore nipples, and engorgement.
Treatment:
Behavioral: breastfeeding positions and attachment practice.

Trial contacts and locations

6

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Central trial contact

Eka Nurhayati, Dr

Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov

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