Breathing Protocol in Breath-hold Divers

Centro Universitario La Salle

Status: Unknown

Conditions: Exercise Training; Apnea; Breathing Exercises; Breathholding

Treatments: Other: hook breathing removing nose-clip; Other: usual breathing (UB)

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT04366414

CSEULS-PI-215/2018

Details and patient eligibility

About

The aim of this randomized controlled trial study was to assess the effects of an 4-week exercise program on the recovery capacity after a voluntary maximal apnea. Participants will be randomly allocated to perform an experimental breathing protocol (NR-HB), or an usual training using their usual breathing (UB) protocol.

Full description

It is a multi-center study. 2 different Spanish Freedivers Centres are included in the study (Madrid and Zaragoza).

Divers were randomly assigned to receive an experimental training (NR-HB) or to be included in the Control Group (UB).

The trial included two study visits. Each exercise training program will be applied sessions per week during 4 weeks. Participants received baseline assessments at the beginning of any intervention, and post-intervention assessments at the end of the fourth week.

Enrollment: 46 estimated patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 60 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Absence of pain or illness
• No changes in cognitive ability
• Over 18 years old.
• Member of the Spanish Federation of Underwater Activities.
• Positive medical examination that allows the diver to practice voluntary apnea.

Exclusion criteria

• People with systemic diseases, tumors, infections, pacemakers, history of epilepsy, hydrophobia, pregnancy women, pharmacological treatment.
• To be participating in other physical activities during the experimental research

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Single Blind

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46 participants in 2 patient groups

hook breathing removing nose-clip

Active Comparator group

Description:

It will apply a usual training program for 4 weeks, 4hours and 30 min per week distributed equally over 3 days in the week. In each session, it was performed 8 submaximes-dynamic apnoeas with 3-minute recovery between each one. Then was performed a maximal-dynamic apnoea. To finish the session, was performed a continuous training of free style swimming at moderate effort over 30 minutes. During that training, only this group will perform an experimental breathing protocol consisted of removing nose-clip previous to surface and then perform hook breathing during 20 seconds. This protocol was applied at the end of each of the 8 submaximes-dynamic apnoeas and after the maximal-dynamic apnoea

Treatment:

Other: hook breathing removing nose-clip

usual breathing (UB)

Active Comparator group

Description:

It will apply a usual training program for 4 weeks, 4hours and 30 min per week distributed equally over 3 days in the week. In each session, it was performed 8 submaximes-dynamic apnoeas with 3-minute recovery between each one. Then was performed a maximal-dynamic apnoea. To finish the session, was performed a continuous training of free style swimming at moderate effort over 30 minutes.

Treatment:

Other: usual breathing (UB)