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The overall objective of the CHANGE initiative is to change the delivery of care in primary care clinics to treat disease by reducing reliance on drugs and hospitals through the promotion of scientifically validated nutritional concepts and exercise. Specifically, the objective is to identify patients from primary care clinics with metabolic syndrome who are not morbidly obese and use diet and exercise interventions to reverse the changes, reduce reliance on pharmacotherapy and prevent progression to diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Full description
Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, strokes, diabetes and their complications including renal failure and neuropathy are major contributors to healthcare costs1. Metabolic Syndrome, a widespread genetic trait refers to a group of factors that increase risk for these diseases. Progression of the components of the metabolic syndrome can be significantly reduced by dietary manipulation and exercise.
The aging population, with both metabolic syndrome and muscular weakness, is going to result in an enormous social and financial burden not only for medical care but also for families caring for such patients. Existing knowledge would suggest that dietary modification and exercise training would substantially reduce the costs and complications of these medical conditions.
The Canadian Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of cardiometabolic risk identify patients with metabolic syndrome who have an increased risk of cardiac and vascular disease and diabetes but the application of these results to prevent disease has been a dismal failure in general and in particular, in our country.
The current model of advice about preventive care is through family doctors (FD) in the primary care setting. FDs tend not to advise their patients about diet and exercise for a variety of reasons including a lack of education about these modalities, a lack of support from professionals qualified to assess and advise about diet and exercise, the belief that drugs are better, lack of time and a lack of reimbursement in addition to patient barriers to adoption. Although other factors, such has smoking, hypercoagulability and increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines increase cardiometabolic risk, these changes are closely related to the metabolic syndrome. "Health behavior interventions" are identified as critical to preventing the occurrence of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. These interventions can be associated with appropriate pharmacotherapy where required. The guidelines recommend a multidisciplinary team to manage these interventions. In addition it is also recommended that ethnicity be considered in these interventions.
The various traits associated with the metabolic syndrome are strongly influenced by genetic factors, i.e. the heritability of abdominal obesity and insulin resistance are estimated to be as high as 70%. Accordingly, the investigators propose to examine numerous genetic polymorphisms (also referred to as markers) that have been linked to the various traits associated with metabolic syndrome in a sub study. It is hypothesized that these markers can be used as a means to better predict the variable responses observed in individuals following a lifestyle intervention. Several companies have begun to commercialize direct-to-consumer genetic-testing to provide nutritional counseling to individuals based on the analysis of a small subset of polymorphisms11; however, there is an absence of scientific research to either support or refute the value of genetic markers for predicting an individual's response. Considering common genetic markers in a lifestyle intervention study will enable us to assess their value for predicting response.
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Exclusion criteria
Inability to speak, read or understand English and/or French for the Laval University participants.
Having a medical or physical condition that makes moderate intensity physical activity difficult or unsafe.
Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Type 2 diabetes mellitus only if any one of the following are present
Significant medical co-morbidities, including uncontrolled metabolic disorders (e.g., thyroid, renal , liver), heart disease, stroke and ongoing substance abuse
Clinically significant renal failure
Diagnosis of psychiatric disorders (cognitive impairment) that would limit adequate informed consent or ability to comply with study protocol
Diagnosis of cancer (other than non-melanoma skin cancer) that was active or treated with radiation or chemotherapy within the past 2 years
Diagnosis of a terminal illness and/or in hospice care
Pregnant, lactating or planning to become pregnant during the study period
Investigator discretion for clinical safety or protocol adherence reasons
Chronic inflammatory diseases
Body Mass Index > 35
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305 participants in 1 patient group
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Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov
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