Carbon Monoxide and Oxidative Stress in Waterpipe Smokers

Ataturk Training and Research Hospital

Status: Completed

Conditions: Waterpipe Smoking; Oxidative Stress

Treatments: Procedure: Pulmonary function tests.; Procedure: Breath carbon monoxide; Procedure: Oxidative stress and antioxidant status.

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT02937415

AtaturkTRH

Details and patient eligibility

About

Waterpipe is a tool for smoking tobacco, which is thought to be less harmful than cigarette. Unfortunately, there aren't adequate studies about its harms to health that are threatening the young generation all over the world today. The objective of this study was to show the carbon monoxide (CO) levels in waterpipe smokers' breaths, whether can be used or not to reflect the changes of oxidative stress for this reason to predict harmful effects on the pulmonary functions.

Full description

Waterpipe or hookah uses a different kind of tobacco, which is available in most Balkan countries, Middle East and South Asia. Popularity of smoking waterpipe among European, Canadian, and American young people has shown a dramatic rise over the past decade. The growing popularity of waterpipe use among U.S. teens and adults is evidenced by media reports and the recent rapid proliferation of waterpipe establishments (bars, cafes, or restaurants) in large cities and near college campuses. Typical waterpipes have the following components; a bowl where the tobacco is placed and heated, usually with burning embers or charcoal, a vase or smoke chamber which is partially filled with water, a pipe or stem connecting the bowl to the vase by a tube that carries the smoke down into the water, and a hose with a mouthpiece through which the smoke is drawn from the vase. As the smoker inhales, the tobacco smoke is sucked down from the bowl and then bubbles up through the water into the air of the smoke chamber and then through the hose to the smoker. At the end of a smoking session, the dirty water is thrown away and the waterpipe vase is refilled for the next user. Although each smoking session generally lasts about 45 to 60 minutes, it can also continue for several hours.

There is a misconception about smoking waterpipe that it is less harmful than cigarettes, and that's why smoking waterpipe is dramatically increasing especially among young people. While the adverse effects of smoking cigarette are widely described, there are just a few investigations about waterpipe and its effects. This study was designed to investigate the effects of smoking waterpipe on pulmonary functions and oxidative stress parameters.

Enrollment: 100 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 40 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Participants who haven't determined major health problems,
• between ages 18-40.

Exclusion criteria

• Participants who under age 18 and above 40,
• pregnant women,
• individuals who have major health problems

Trial design

Primary purpose: Diagnostic

Allocation: Non-Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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100 participants in 2 patient groups

Waterpipe smokers group

Experimental group

Description:

Three waterpipe cafes located in Ankara were visited. 50 waterpipe smokers aged 18-40 years, enrolled in the study and created the working group. At the same time, there were also cigarette smokers among these people. Breath carbon monoxide, pulmonary function tests were performed both before and after smoking waterpipe and parameters of oxidative stress and antioxidant status were measured in blood samples after smoking waterpipe.

Treatment:

Procedure: Oxidative stress and antioxidant status.

Procedure: Breath carbon monoxide

Procedure: Pulmonary function tests.

Control group

Active Comparator group

Description:

The control group consisted of 50 people of the same age and sex, who had never smoked neither cigarette nor waterpipe. Breath carbon monoxide, pulmonary function tests were performed and parameters of oxidative stress were measured in blood samples.

Treatment:

Procedure: Oxidative stress and antioxidant status.

Procedure: Breath carbon monoxide

Procedure: Pulmonary function tests.