CBT for Anxiety Sensitivity vs. Disorder-specific CBT: An RCT

Nova Scotia Health Authority (NSHA)

Status: Completed

Conditions: Social Anxiety; Major Depression; Panic Disorder; Stress Disorder, Posttraumatic; Generalized Anxiety

Treatments: Behavioral: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT03015285

1021903

Details and patient eligibility

About

Adults with high anxiety sensitivity (AS) and a mental health diagnosis of anxiety, depression, or posttraumatic stress will be recruited and will be randomly assigned to either transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for AS or disorder-specific CBT for their primary mental health problem. The study outcomes - AS, anxiety, mood, and substance use symptoms, and functional impairment - will be assessed at pre-and post-treatment and 6 and 12 months post-treatment via standardized self-report measures completed by participants and a standardized diagnostic interview.

Full description

While our previous work has provided some evidence that cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for anxiety sensitivity(AS) reduces mental health symptoms, the current study aims to determine whether this treatment works as well as traditional disorder-specific CBT (which aims to treat the specific disorder a person presents with, such as CBT for panic disorder for someone with panic disorder) in treating anxiety and depression. This will be the first study to have looked at this question.

Our objectives are to determine:

1. if there is a difference in the extent to which CBT for AS vs. disorder-specific CBT reduces, in the short- and long-term, a) AS, b) symptoms of a person's primary and secondary mental health problems, and c) functional disability (i.e., a person's ability to function in day-to-day life);
2. if the two treatments lead to differences in the number of participants who no longer meet the requirements for a diagnosis (of their primary or secondary mental health problems) in the short- and long-term; and
3. if the treatments are seen as similarly satisfactory by participants.

Eligible participants will be randomly assigned (via online random number generator) to either transdiagnostic CBT for AS or disorder-specific CBT for their primary mental health problem. Both CBT interventions are evidence-based, guided by treatment manuals/workbooks (provided to participants), and involve 12 weekly therapy sessions. The AS intervention will also involve a physical exercise component (i.e., running/brisk walking 3x/week starting on week 5) and participants will be provided with a wearable fitness device designed to provide physiological indices of arousal and track physical activity. The study outcomes - AS, anxiety, mood, and substance use symptoms, and functional impairment - will be assessed at pre-and post-treatment and 6 and 12 months post-treatment via standardized self-report measures completed by participants and a standardized diagnostic interview.

Enrollment: 65 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 19+ years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Literate
• High Anxiety Sensitivity (high AS, participants must score ≥23 on the Anxiety Sensitivity Index - 3)
• Live in the surrounding area of Halifax, Nova Scotia or Fredericton, New Brunswick
• Must have a primary diagnosis of one of Agoraphobia, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), Panic Disorder (PD), Other Specified Anxiety Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), or Illness Anxiety Disorder (IAD) according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5; APA, 2013) as determined by a Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders

Exclusion criteria

• Must not have any contraindications to physical exercise
• Must not be engaged in another current psychotherapy as it may interfere with the treatment under investigation
• Need to be able to attend intervention sessions at Dalhousie University or the University of New Brunswick
• Must not have current Bipolar Disorder and psychosis nor current suicidal intent

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Single Blind

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65 participants in 2 patient groups

Anxiety Sensitivity Cognitive Therapy

Experimental group

Description:

Participants in the Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for AS condition will complete 8 weekly 50-minute therapy sessions and will be asked to continue with some parts of the intervention (i.e., interoceptive exposure) independently for the next 4 weeks, with short weekly check-ins by phone with their therapist.

Treatment:

Behavioral: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

Disorder specific Cognitive Therapy

Active Comparator group

Description:

Participants in the disorder-specific Cognitive Behavioural Therapy intervention will receive 12 weekly 50-minute therapy sessions following established, evidence-based protocols for each of the disorders included in the study.

Treatment:

Behavioral: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy