Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy Before Surgery Followed by Gemcitabine in Treating Patients with Pancreatic Cancer

Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology

Status and phase

Completed

Early Phase 1

Conditions

Stage III Pancreatic Cancer

Stage II Pancreatic Cancer

Duct Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas

Recurrent Pancreatic Cancer

Acinar Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas

Treatments

Procedure: surgery

Drug: oxaliplatin

Drug: 5-fluorouracil

Radiation: radiation

Drug: leucovorin

Drug: gemcitabine

Drug: capecitabine

Drug: irinotecan

Study type

Interventional

Funder types

Other

NIH

Identifiers

NCT01821612

A021101

U10CA031946 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Details and patient eligibility

About

This pilot clinical trial studies combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy before surgery followed by gemcitabine hydrochloride in treating patients with pancreatic cancer. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as oxaliplatin, irinotecan hydrochloride, leucovorin calcium, fluorouracil, and gemcitabine hydrochloride, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to kill tumor cells. Giving combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy before surgery may make the tumor smaller and reduce the amount of normal tissue that needs to be removed. Giving chemotherapy after surgery may kill any tumor cells that remain after surgery.

Full description

The purpose of this study is to evaluate a new treatment program for patients with borderline resectable pancreas cancer in order to determine what effects, good and bad, chemotherapy and chemoradiation have on your cancer and to see if it allows safe surgery.

Primary Objectives:

To assess the accrual rate of this study.
To assess the rate of treatment-related toxicity and treatment delay during preoperative therapy.
To assess the rate of completion of all preoperative and operative therapy.

Secondary Objectives:

To assess the macroscopic (R0/R1) resection rate.
To estimate the rate of radiographic and histopathologic response to preoperative therapy.
To estimate the time to locoregional and distant recurrence.
To assess overall survival (OS).
To retrieve nucleic acids from pretreatment pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma biopsies and to assess the quality of these nucleic acids using a sequencing-based assessment of tumor DNA.

Enrollment

23 patients

Sex

All

Ages

18+ years old

Volunteers

No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Pre-Registration Eligibility Criteria

Documentation of Disease and Radiographic Staging
- Cytologic or histologic proof of adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head or uncinate process
- Objective radiographic staging with a) contrast-enhanced, helical thin-cut computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the abdomen and b) CT scan/MRI of the chest
- Note: echoendoscopic staging will be permitted as an adjunctive modality, but all stage definitions below will be determined using CT/MRI as outlined below. In the event echoendoscopic stage and CT/MRI stage are discordant, the CT/MRI stage will be used. Significant discordance should be discussed with the study principal investigator (PI) prior to enrollment
- Borderline resectable primary tumor, defined by the presence of any one or more of the following on CT/MRI, and confirmed by central radiographic review:
  - An interface between the primary tumor and the superior mesenteric vein or portal vein (SMV-PV) measuring ≥ 180 degrees of the circumference of the vessel wall
  - Short-segment occlusion of the SMV-PV with normal vein above and below the level of obstruction that is amenable to resection and venous reconstruction
  - Short segment interface (of any degree) between tumor and hepatic artery with normal artery proximal and distal to the interface that is amenable to resection and reconstruction
  - An interface between the tumor and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) measuring < 180 degrees of the circumference of the vessel wall
- No potentially resectable disease defined as primary tumors with all of the following:
  - An interface between the primary tumor and the superior mesenteric vein or portal vein (SMV-PV) measuring < 180 degrees of the circumference of the vessel wall
  - No radiographic interface between the tumor and the (superior mesenteric artery) SMA, hepatic artery or celiac axis
  - No radiographic evidence of metastatic disease
- No metastatic disease defined as any one or more of the following:
  - Suspicious lymphadenopathy outside the standard surgical field (i.e., aortocaval nodes, distant abdominal nodes)
  - Radiographic evidence for metastatic disease in distant organs, such as masses in distant organs or ascites
- No locally advanced and/or unresectable disease clearly defined by any one or more of the following by CT/MRI:
  - An interface between the tumor and the SMA measuring ≥ 180 degrees of the circumference of the vessel wall
  - No interface between the tumor and the aorta
  - Occlusion of the SMV or portal vein without a sufficient cuff of normal vein above and below the level of obstruction with which to perform venous reconstruction
  - Long-segment interface (of any degree) between the tumor and the common hepatic artery or its major tributaries with insufficient artery proximal and distal to the interface to perform reconstruction
No prior chemotherapy or chemoradiation for pancreatic cancer
No patients with a "currently active" second malignancy other than non-melanoma skin cancers. Patients are not considered to have a "currently active" malignancy if they have completed therapy and are free of disease for ≥ 3 years
Baseline peripheral sensory neuropathy must be grade < 2
No patients with known Gilbert's Syndrome or homozygosity for UGT1A1*28 polymorphism
No history of pulmonary embolism in the past 6 months
Age ≥ 18 years of age
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG)/Zubrod performance status 0-1
Pregnancy/Nursing Status: Non-pregnant and non-breast-feeding. Female participants of child-bearing potential must have a negative urine or serum pregnancy test prior to registration. Perimenopausal participants must be amenorrheic > 12 months to be considered not of childbearing potential.
Required Pre-Registration Laboratory Values:
- Granulocytes ≥ 2,000/ul
- Hemoglobin > 9 g/dL
- Platelets ≥ 100,000/ul
- Albumin > 3.0 g/dL
- Creatinine ≤1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN)

Registration Eligibility Criteria

Confirmation of pre-registration eligibility criteria as described under "Documentation of Disease and Radiographic Staging" by the Alliance Central Radiographic Review
Required Registration Laboratory Values:
- Bilirubin ≤2 mg/dl
- AST (SGOT) & ALT (SGPT) ≤ 2.5 x ULN

Trial design

Primary purpose

Treatment

Allocation

N/A

Interventional model

Single Group Assignment

Masking

None (Open label)

23 participants in 1 patient group

mFOLFIRINOX, chemoradiation, surgery and gemcitabine

Other group

Description:

Each patient will receive mFOLFIRINOX therapy administered every other week for a total of 4 cycles. Each treatment cycle is a total of 14 days. This treatment program consists of four drugs (oxaliplatin 85 mg/m\^2 IV over 2 hours on day 1 followed by irinotecan 180 mg/m\^2 IV over 90 minutes on day 1 followed by, leucovorin 400 mg/m\^2 IV over 2 hours on day 1 followed by 5-FU 2400 mg/m\^2 IV over 46-48 hours). Two to six weeks following treatment with the mFOLFIRINOX, if the tumor has not spread to other parts of the body then the patient will receive capecitabine 825 mg/m\^2, twice daily for 28 days along with radiation therapy. Patients will have surgery within 4-10 weeks of the last dose of chemoradiation if the tumor has gotten smaller or stayed the same. Within 6-8 weeks following surgery, patients will receive gemcitabine for 2 cycles (1 cycle is 28 days). Gemcitabine will be given IV on days 1, 8 and 15 of every 28 day cycle.

Treatment: