Clinical Features and Airways Inflammation in Never Smokers and Smokers With COPD

Ministry of Scientific Research, Tunisia

Status: Completed

Conditions: Inflammation; COPD; Airway Obstruction

Treatments: Diagnostic Test: Analysis of induced sputum; Diagnostic Test: Lung Function test; Diagnostic Test: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Study type: Observational

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT03274791

COPDNS

Details and patient eligibility

About

The aim of this study was to investigate the airway inflammatory profile and the clinical presentation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in never smokers compared to smokers with COPD.

Full description

40 COPD patients (21 smokers and 19 never smokers) and 28 healthy never smokers were included in the present study. Information about respiratory symptoms and comorbidities were collected. Subjects underwent pulmonary function tests and COPD was defined according to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive lung Disease spirometric criteria. Induced sputum was collected to determine total and differential inflammatory cells counts as well as inflammatory mediators (Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)). The Mann-Whitney U and the χ2 tests were used for results comparisons. Correlations between symptoms, spirometric parameters, cytokines levels, inflammatory cells and risk factors of COPD were examined with Spearman's rank correlation test.

Enrollment: 68 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 40+ years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Subjects with COPD, according to GOLD criteria (smokers and never smokers). Moreover, inhaled short-acting β2-agonists were stopped at least 8h before the test and inhaled long-acting β2-agonist were stopped at least 48h before the test.
• Healthy control subjects : never smokers with normal spirometry and did not have a history of lung disease or chronic respiratory symptoms.

Exclusion criteria

• COPD patients were excluded from the study if they had an exacerbation, a respiratory tract infection or if they used a systemic form of corticosteroid preparation (oral or intravenous injection therapy) or antibiotics within the two months prior to the study entry. Patients with other respiratory disorder like pneumonia, pulmonary emboli, congestive heart failure, lung cancer or tuberculosis were also excluded.

Trial design

68 participants in 3 patient groups

Healthy subjects

Description:

Healthy non-smoking subjects were never smokers with normal spirometry and did not have a history of lung disease or chronic respiratory symptoms. Information about respiratory symptoms and comorbidities were collected. Healthy subjects underwent pulmonary function tests (Spirometry). Induced sputum was collected to determine total and differential inflammatory cells counts as well as inflammatory mediators (Interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha).

Treatment:

Diagnostic Test: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Diagnostic Test: Lung Function test

Diagnostic Test: Analysis of induced sputum

COPD Never smokers

Description:

Never smokers referred to subjects who had never smoked Airflow limitation in COPD was defined as a post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio \<70% and FEV1 reversibility of \<12% and 200 mL from baseline values after inhalation of 400 µg of Salbutamol. Information about respiratory symptoms and comorbidities were collected. Never smoking subjects with COPD underwent pulmonary function tests (Spirometry). Induced sputum was collected to determine total and differential inflammatory cells counts as well as inflammatory mediators (Interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha).

Treatment:

Diagnostic Test: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Diagnostic Test: Lung Function test

Diagnostic Test: Analysis of induced sputum

COPD Smokers

Description:

Smokers were defined as persons who had smoked \> 20 packs of cigarettes in a lifetime and who continue smoking every day. Airflow limitation in COPD was defined as a post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio \<70% and FEV1 reversibility of \<12% and 200 mL from baseline values after inhalation of 400 µg of Salbutamol. Information about respiratory symptoms and comorbidities were collected. Smoking subjects with COPD underwent pulmonary function tests (Spirometry). Induced sputum was collected to determine total and differential inflammatory cells counts as well as inflammatory mediators (Interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha).

Treatment:

Diagnostic Test: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Diagnostic Test: Lung Function test

Diagnostic Test: Analysis of induced sputum