Cognitive-Based Balance Exercises on the Shooting Performance of Archers

Cyprus International University

Status: Active, not recruiting

Conditions: Balance Training; Cognitive Performance; Archery

Treatments: Other: Exercise

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT07070427

1301MA-001

Details and patient eligibility

About

The aim of this treatment study is to determine the effects of cognitive-based balance exercises on archers' shooting performance. The study focuses on archers and examines the effects of cognitive-based dynamic and static balance exercises on shooting accuracy.

In this context, the main questions that the study aims to answer are as follows:

• Cognitive-based balance exercises applied to archers have no effect on shooting performance.
• Cognitive-based balance exercises applied to archers have an effect on shooting performance.

The researchers will evaluate the effects of the interventions on shooting performance by comparing the performance differences between archers who apply cognitive-based balance exercises and archers who only do balance exercises.

Participants:

• The control group will apply various balance exercises during the 12-week training period. The study group will apply cognitive-based balance exercises.
• They will be subjected to performance tests that evaluate static balance, dynamic balance and shooting accuracy.

Full description

This study investigates the effects of cognitive-based balance training on archery performance by targeting not only shooting accuracy, but also neuromuscular and sensorimotor parameters such as shoulder joint position sense and bilateral upper extremity force symmetry. While conventional balance exercises primarily focus on postural control and neuromuscular coordination, cognitive-based balance training integrates executive functions-such as attention, working memory, and decision-making-into postural tasks, aiming to enhance cognitive-motor coupling and sensorimotor integration.

The training program is designed to include both static and dynamic balance activities combined with cognitively demanding tasks, such as dual-tasking, response inhibition, and visuospatial challenges. Progression and supervision are employed to maintain intervention fidelity throughout the 12-week period. Archery performance will be assessed pre- and post-intervention using standardized shooting accuracy protocols.

To further investigate potential mechanisms underlying performance changes, two additional neuromuscular variables will be evaluated. Shoulder proprioception will be assessed using a digital clinometer through passive position-reproduction tests in multiple planes of motion (e.g., flexion, abduction, and internal/external rotation at specific angles). This will help determine whether improvements in sensorimotor function accompany changes in performance. Bilateral force symmetry will be assessed using a digital hand dynamometer by comparing maximal isometric grip strength in unilateral and bilateral conditions. The resulting bilateral deficit values will offer insight into interlimb coordination and neural efficiency.

By combining cognitive, postural, and upper extremity neuromuscular assessments, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how cognitively enriched balance interventions may influence both central and peripheral components of athletic performance in archery. The findings are expected to contribute to the growing literature on cognitive-motor integration in precision sports and inform future training paradigms in disciplines that demand both motor accuracy and cognitive control.

Enrollment: 30 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 45 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Being a licensed archery athlete,
• Having been practicing archery for at least 2 years,
• Participating in a training program at least 2 days a week,
• Using a compound bow,
• Being between the ages of 18-45.

Exclusion criteria

• Having any diagnosed lung, cardiovascular, neurological, systemic and orthopedic disease,
• Receiving conservative or surgical treatment after trauma in the upper and lower extremities,
• Having had a musculoskeletal injury within the last year,
• Using corticosteroids or any other medication,
• Having a psychological dysfunction.

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Single Blind

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30 participants in 2 patient groups

Interventions

Experimental group

Description:

Participants performed balance exercises twice a week for 12 weeks using the BOSU balance ball. The exercises included static and dynamic balance tasks. Additionally, during dual-task training, cognitive tasks such as counting backwards, naming months and days of the week in reverse order, and identifying numerical differences were incorporated alongside balance exercises. Archery performance was assessed by shooting 5 sets of 3 arrows at a target from a distance of 18 meters, both before and after the intervention.

Treatment:

Other: Exercise

Control

Experimental group

Description:

Participants performed the same balance exercises twice a week for 12 weeks using the BOSU balance ball, focusing on static and dynamic balance tasks without additional cognitive tasks. Archery performance was evaluated in the same manner as the experimental group, shooting 5 sets of 3 arrows at a target 18 meters away, before and after the training period.

Treatment:

Other: Exercise