Cold Plasma Effects on Dental Implant Stability

Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University (KSU)

Status: Completed

Conditions: Dental Implants; Cold Atmospheric Plasma

Treatments: Procedure: Dental implant placement; Procedure: Dental implant placement and vacuum plasma application; Procedure: Dental implant placement and argon jet plasma application; Procedure: Dental implant placement and cold atmospheric plasma application

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT07348770

HRÜ/25.03.28

Details and patient eligibility

About

Cold plasma-mediated implant surface activation may reverse the biological aging of titanium by enhancing hydrophilicity and cellular response. The aim of this study was to clinically compare the effects of three different cold plasma systems on the stability of dental implants. In this prospective randomized controlled split-mouth study, a total of 44 implants were placed in 11 patients. In each patient, four implants were randomly allocated to one of the following groups: control, vacuum plasma, argon jet plasma, and cold atmospheric plasma. All implants were placed using a single-stage protocol with a minimum insertion torque of 45 Ncm. Implant stability was assessed using resonance frequency analysis (ISQ values) immediately after placement and at 2, 4, and 8 weeks.

Enrollment: 11 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18+ years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Age ≥ 18 years.
• Presence of edentulous areas requiring ≥4 implants for fixed prosthetic rehabilitation.
• Good or moderate oral hygiene.
• Adequate patient compliance to attend all follow-up appointments.
• Willingness to voluntarily participate in the study.

Exclusion criteria

• Refusal to participate.
• Need for alveolar ridge augmentation.
• Systemic conditions that may impair healing (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes, immunodeficiency, ongoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy, history of head-and-neck radiotherapy, substance or alcohol abuse).
• Untreated periodontal disease.
• Heavy smoking (>10 cigarettes/day).
• Age < 18 years.

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Crossover Assignment

Masking: Double Blind

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11 participants in 4 patient groups

Control Arm

Active Comparator group

Description:

The implant was inserted without the application of any supplementary surface modification.

Treatment:

Procedure: Dental implant placement

Vacuum Plasma Application

Experimental group

Description:

The implant was placed into a sterile low-pressure plasma chamber (5-10 Torr) and exposed to non-thermal low-pressure cold plasma for 60 seconds prior to placement.

Treatment:

Procedure: Dental implant placement and vacuum plasma application

Argon Jet Plasma Application

Experimental group

Description:

A portable atmospheric argon plasma jet was applied circumferentially to the implant surface for 60 seconds while the implant was rotated in a sterile holder.

Treatment:

Procedure: Dental implant placement and argon jet plasma application

Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) Application

Experimental group

Description:

Cold plasma generated at atmospheric pressure using ambient air was applied circumferentially to the implant surface for 60 seconds while the implant was rotated in a sterile holder.

Treatment:

Procedure: Dental implant placement and cold atmospheric plasma application