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This study evaluated the thermal and functional performance of full-body versus half-body Submarine Escape Immersion Equipment (SEIE) suits during cold water immersion (~16.5°C) and raft sitting. Twenty submariners were divided into two groups.
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This study investigates the performance of full-body versus half-body Submarine Escape Immersion Equipment (SEIE) suits under conditions simulating submarine emergencies in cold water (~16.5°C). In such scenarios, rapid evacuation and prolonged exposure to cold water pose significant risks of hypothermia and impaired physical function. The aim was to assess and compare the thermal insulation and motor performance effects of both suit designs during water immersion and raft sitting.
Twenty healthy active-duty submariners (age 22 ± 1 years) participated, divided evenly into two groups (full suit vs. half suit). Core temperature was monitored using ingestible sensors, and subjective cold sensation was assessed regularly throughout immersion and raft sitting. Additional outcome measures included fine motor dexterity (assembling shackles) and handgrip strength, recorded before and after exposure.
The experimental protocol involved one session per participant. Anthropometric data were collected, and subjects underwent a controlled immersion and raft sitting protocol using calibrated thermal equipment. Motor function tasks were standardized and repeated to control for learning effects. Statistical analysis included non-parametric repeated measures tests with appropriate corrections for multiple comparisons.
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Inclusion criteria
Healthy active-duty submariners
Male participants aged 20-25 years
No history of cardiovascular, respiratory, or neurological disorders
Not acclimatized to cold environments or cold water exposure
Provided written informed consent
Medically cleared for cold water immersion by a physician prior to participation -
Exclusion criteria
History of cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, neurological, or musculoskeletal disorders
Regular exposure to cold environments or cold water (cold-acclimatized individuals)
Use of medications that could affect thermoregulation or neuromuscular function
Any skin conditions that may be aggravated by cold water immersion
Inability to provide informed consent
Failure to pass pre-exposure medical examination by a study physician
20 participants in 2 patient groups
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Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov
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