Comparison of Otago Exercises Versus Resistance Training on Functional Performance in Stroke Patients

Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University

Status: Completed

Conditions: Stroke

Treatments: Other: Otago Exercises; Other: Resistance training

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT06034236

IRB # 0234-23

Details and patient eligibility

About

Otago techniques are well known for addressing balance and strength deficiencies in healthy older population with fall risk. Despite this, there is limited literature about the Otago approaches' effectiveness in stroke patients. To the best of our knowledge, no research has been done in Pakistan to determine the effects of Otago exercises on chronic stroke patients.Otago exercises are easy to learn and create a sense of motivation and pleasurable activity when performed. To determine the effect of Otago exercises in treating poor balance control and reduced strength, the current study has chosen chronic stroke patients as its target population. The results of this study will serve as a manual for physical therapists on how to efficiently incorporate Otago Intervention into their treatment plans for better outcomes.

Full description

Stroke is a focal neurological deficit. It causes functional impairments and activity limitation in the body after survival from the sudden attack, which includes disorders in language, movement, cognition and eating difficulties. Motor deficits are most common in stroke, it is directly related to reduction in strength, balance, gait speed and quality of life. Emotional and physical changes also occur, these factors combine to affect everyday activities. By improving functional performance and strength in lower extremity, it will improve gait speed and balance control.

Around the world among the major causes of death, stroke stands on the third number. Task-specific progressive resistance training uses the preserved energy in muscles to increase strength and balance. Training has to be carried out at a specific intensity and increase progressively which will lead to improvement in fitness and strength level. Progressive resistance training is an umbrella that consists of multiple different and unique set of interventions being used worldwide all with one primary target that is to use resistance and improve muscle strength. Because strength training has been proven to be beneficial in improving stroke symptoms, it has been included in this study.

Otago Exercise is an evidence-based strength and balance program. It has been shown to be effective in reducing the number of fall and fall-related injuries by 35%. The advantages of Otago exercise are that it is cost-effective, the exercise protocol is easy to learn and easy to perform. Once learned they can be performed at home by the patient without assistance or by using action observation technique. They are effective in improving lower extremity strength, balance and gait parameters in healthy older adults or people with disorders. This exercise program strengthens the antigravity extensors and increases proprioceptive input of the body by a stable base of support during mobility, thus improving muscle strength and overall improvement in balance control, walking speed and strength. Repeated movement will produce the effect of neuroplasticity in the brain producing efficient, controlled and meaningful movement.

Although Otago exercises have been used in previous studies worldwide and showed effectiveness in participants' strength and balance control. Recent evidence suggests that Otago exercises provide high-quality results to support its beneficial effects on reducing falls in osteoarthritic patients. It was also observed that this exercise program was safe and helped in improving balance and mobility in Alzheimer's disease. However, to our knowledge, there is limited literature available on the use of Otago exercises in chronic stroke patients in Pakistan.

Enrollment: 30 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 40 to 60 years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Both genders will be included, age ranging between 40 to 60.
• Participants who have had stroke for more than 6 months (chronic stage).
• Participant able to stand independently, assessed by 30 second chair stand test.
• Participants who can walk with or without assistance

Exclusion criteria

• Patients with neurological disorders other than stroke i.e., Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), brain tumors, cerebral aneurysm.
• Patients with impaired cognition or a score of less than 23 out of 30 on Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE).
• Patients with musculoskeletal pathologies like muscular dystrophy
• Patients having stroke more than 1 year.
• Clotting or bleeding disorder (hemophilia)

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Single Blind

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30 participants in 2 patient groups

Resistance Training

Experimental group

Description:

In Group A, Task oriented resistance training will be performed, there will be 5 workstations which include 2 task each given in the table below, after warm up exercises of head, neck, trunk and ankle. Workstation 1: Sitting and reaching in different directions Sit to stand from different chair heights (higher to lower) Workstation 2: Step training (forward, backward, sideways) on blocks Heel lifts-sitting, standing (with and without support) Workstation 3: Reaching with narrow stance (feet in parallel, then in tandem stance) Reciprocal leg flexion and extension Workstation 4: Sit ups Chair stand and walk Workstation 5: Walking race Walking over obstacles This intervention will be given 3 times per week for 4 weeks, every station takes 5-6 minutes and the total intervention will be completed in 50-60 minutes.

Treatment:

Other: Resistance training

Otago Exercises

Experimental group

Description:

Group B will be given Otago exercises, it has 17 exercises in total. 5 for strength and 12 for balance training. 1. First component of intervention starts with head movements followed by neck movements, back extension, trunk movements and ankle movements. 2. Muscle strengthening: Font knee strengthening exercise Back knee strengthening exercise Side hip strengthening exercise Calf raises (with support and without support) Toe raise (with support and without support). 3. Balance Training: Knee bends Backward walking Heel toe standing Heel toe walking One leg stand Heel walking Sideways walk Toe walking Heel toe walking backwards Walk and turn around (figure of 8) Sit to stand Stair walks This intervention will be given 3 times per week for 4 weeks, each session will take 50 minutes to complete. And every exercise is repeated 10 times

Treatment:

Other: Otago Exercises