Contributing Factors for Poor HIV Treatment Response in Children With TB/HIV Coinfection

University of Florida

Status

Completed

Conditions

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Tuberculosis

Coinfection

Treatments

Other: Observational study

Study type

Observational

Funder types

Other

NIH

Identifiers

NCT03800407

2R01HD071779 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

IRB201801820 TB/HIV - N

5R01HD071779-10 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Details and patient eligibility

About

Efavirenz (EFV)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains the preferred regimen in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children aged 3 years or older on rifampin-containing antituberculosis (anti-TB) therapy. This is because drug interactions between first-line anti-TB therapy with protease inhibitors (PIs) are more severe to adjust for, and interactions with integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are not well studied in that age group. Although, current weight-based EFV dosing recommendation is not optimal in some children, pharmacokinetic-treatment response (PK-PD) data to guide optimal dosing of EFV during concurrent rifampin-containing therapy in children is very limited. The study team propose that EFV concentrations outside the optimal therapeutic range in children will be associated with virologic failure due to lack of efficacy because of low concentrations or increased central nervous system (CNS) toxicities from high concentrations leading to poor medication adherence. The study will determine virological suppression rates in HIV-infected children with and without TB coinfection treated with standard efavirenz-based therapy and examine the factors contributing to poor virologic response.

Full description

In a previous study, the study team found that first-line anti-TB therapy had minimal effect on EFV pharmacokinetics (PK) at the population level, but children with TB/HIV coinfection on anti-TB therapy had a trend towards worse virologic outcome compared to those with only HIV infection. Due to the small sample size, the study team were unable to examined the patient factors contributing to the poor virologic response. The study team hypothesized that virologic suppression rates on EFV-based therapy is significantly lower in children with TB/HIV coinfection compared to those with HIV alone. In addition, virologic response will be dependent EFV plasma concentrations, CYP2B6 516 G>T genotype and/or adherence level. This hypothesis is based on the premise that extremes (low and high EFV concentration, respectively) could lead to virologic failure because of lack of efficacy or intolerable side effects leading to poor adherence. The current study will investigate the effect of anti-TB therapy, CYP2B6 genotype and pharmacokinetically determined adherence level on virologic response in children with TB/HIV coinfection treated with EFV-based ART.

Enrollment

213 patients

Sex

All

Ages

3 to 14 years old

Volunteers

No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

HIV seropositive children with or without active TB
Antiretroviral-naïve to efavirenz and meet criteria for initiation or switch to efavirenz-based ART
Are available for follow-up until achievement of a study endpoint like completion of study at 6 months or discontinuation of ART.

Exclusion criteria

Unable to obtain informed signed consent parent(s) or legal guardian
Have AIDS-related opportunistic infections other than TB
History of acute hepatitis within 30 days of study entry
Persistent vomiting or diarrhea at time of enrolment
Hemoglobin < 6 g/dl, white blood cells < 2500/mm3, serum creatinine > 1.5 mg/dl, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) > 2 times upper limit of normal