COVID-19 Bivalent Booster Megastudy

University of Pennsylvania

Status: Completed

Conditions: COVID-19

Treatments: Behavioral: COVID Booster text messages

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT05607082

851911

Details and patient eligibility

About

This megastudy is a massive randomized controlled trial. By randomizing participants to 10 different intervention conditions simultaneously, the investigators will be able to compare the effectiveness of different interventions to one another and to a control group (in which individuals will only receive the usual communications from their partner organization) to identify which interventions significantly increase vaccination rates. Pharmacy customers will be randomly assigned to receive one of the interventions designed by team scientists to encourage vaccination or to a control group. The baseline intervention will be based on the top-performing SMS intervention identified in the investigators previous megastudies on encouraging vaccination (Milkman et al., 2021b, 2022). Pharmacy customers will receive SMS messages conveying that a COVID booster vaccine is reserved or waiting for them at the pharmacy. Additional behavioral science messaging strategies will be tested by building off of this baseline intervention.

Enrollment: 2,600,000 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18+ years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Patient of a large retail pharmacy that has opted into receving SMS messages from the pharmacy and has received their primary COVID vaccination series.

Exclusion criteria

• The patient unsubscribed from texts before the send date and time of the patient's SMS/MMS message
• The patient received a bivalent COVID booster before the send date and time of the patient's SMS/MMS message.

Trial design

Primary purpose: Health Services Research

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Double Blind

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2,600,000 participants in 11 patient groups

Holdout control condition with no message

No Intervention group

Description:

Participants will only receive the standard pharmacy messaging.

Control condition with "waiting for you" message

Experimental group

Description:

This control condition will use the text message that we've found to be the best performing in our last mega-study of vaccine text messages to recommend a COVID vaccination.

Treatment:

Behavioral: COVID Booster text messages

Control condition with "waiting for you" message with a GIF

Experimental group

Description:

This control condition will use the text message that we've found to be the best performing in our last mega-study of vaccine text messages and includes a GIF to recommend a COVID vaccination.

Treatment:

Behavioral: COVID Booster text messages

Planning message recommending same time/location as last vaccination

Experimental group

Description:

This condition will use a text message recommending the same time and location as the participant's last vaccination to get a COVID vaccination.

Treatment:

Behavioral: COVID Booster text messages

Message from local pharmacy team

Experimental group

Description:

This condition will use a text message from the participant's local pharmacist recommending a COVID vaccination.

Treatment:

Behavioral: COVID Booster text messages

Message including link to resources combating misinformation

Experimental group

Description:

This condition will use a text message including a link to to resources combating misinformation and then recommend a COVID vaccination.

Treatment:

Behavioral: COVID Booster text messages

Message including link to resources combating misinformation with a GIF

Experimental group

Description:

This condition will use a text message including a link to to resources combating misinformation and then recommend a COVID vaccination and will include a GIF.

Treatment:

Behavioral: COVID Booster text messages

Message offering free round trip ride to the pharmacy

Experimental group

Description:

This condition will use a text message offering a free round trip ride to the pharmacy to get a COVID vaccination.

Treatment:

Behavioral: COVID Booster text messages

Message communicating latest data on COVID transmission in patient's area

Experimental group

Description:

This condition will use a text message informing the participant of the latest data on COVID transmission in participant's area and recommend a COVID vaccination.

Treatment:

Behavioral: COVID Booster text messages

Message encouraging vaccination in preparation for the holidays

Experimental group

Description:

This condition will use a text message to encourage a COVID vaccination in preparation for the holidays.

Treatment:

Behavioral: COVID Booster text messages

Message conveying the CDC recommends vaccination

Experimental group

Description:

This condition will use a text message to encourage a COVID vaccination by conveying the CDC recommends vaccination.

Treatment:

Behavioral: COVID Booster text messages