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CPAP Effect on Albuminuria in Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (DIANA)

M

Madrid Health Service

Status and phase

Completed
Phase 4

Conditions

Diabetic Nephropathy
Sleep Apnea

Treatments

Drug: Pharmacological treatment
Other: Diet
Device: Continuous positive airway pressure

Study type

Interventional

Funder types

Other

Identifiers

Details and patient eligibility

About

Objectives: Main objective: To assess the effect of 12 months of CPAP treatment added to conventional drug treatment on the albuminuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Secondary objectives: To evaluate the effect of CPAP treatment on the estimated glomerular filtration rate of patients with diabetic nephropathy and OSA; determine the additional longterm CPAP effect on glycemic control, insulin resistance, lipid profile, health-related quality of life and biomarkers of cardiac function, inflammation, oxidative stress, sympathetic tone and appetite-regulating hormones in patients with diabetic nephropathy and OSA; and to identify the subgroup of patients with diabetic nephropathy and OSA in which 12 months of treatment with CPAP achieve a more pronounced reduction in albuminuria.

Methodology: Randomized, multicenter, non-blinded, parallel groups, conventional treatment-controlled trial of 12 months of duration.

Subjects will randomize to conventional dietary and pharmacological treatment or conventional dietary and pharmacological treatment plus continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Study subjects: Subjects 18 to 80 years with overweight or obesity and a clinical diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy, increased urinary albumin/creatinine ratio of 30 mg/g and an estimated glomerular filtration rate >20 ml/min/1.73 m2, and treatment with stable doses of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) or anti-aldosterone drugs in the last four weeks. Efficacy variables:

urinary albumin/creatinine ratio and estimated glomerular filtration rate; glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c); fasting glucose and insulin; homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) and QUICKI indices; total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides; Troponin I, proBNP, homocysteine and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; systemic biomarkers (inflammation [IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α], oxidative stress [8-isoprostane], endothelial damage [endothelin, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1], sympathetic activity [neuropeptide Y] and appetite-regulating hormones [leptin and adiponectin]) and clinical questionnaires: short form (SF)-12, EuroQoL and iPAQ.

Enrollment

180 estimated patients

Sex

All

Ages

18 to 80 years old

Volunteers

No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

  • Subjects aged 18 to 80 years old
  • Overweight or obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m2)
  • Previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, fulfilling at least one of the following criteria: 1) current treatment with oral antidiabetic drugs and/or insulin; 2) a fasting glucose value above 126 mg/dl on at least 2 occasions; 3) blood glucose level at 2 hours after an oral glucose tolerance test is equal to or more than 200 mg/dl; or 4) a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level > 6.5 %
  • Clinical diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy, with a urinary albumin/creatinine ratio >30 mg/g and an estimated glomerular filtration rate more than 20 ml/min per 1.73 m2.
  • Treatment with stable doses of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers or anti-aldosterone agents in the last four weeks.

Exclusion criteria

  • Non diabetic nephropathy (confirmed by biopsy).
  • Dialysis for acute renal failure within the 6 previous months.
  • Evidence in the clinic history of relevant bilateral stenosis of renal artery (> 75%)
  • Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio higher than 3000 mg/g, at the baseline visit.
  • Systolic blood pressure ≥ 180 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 110 mm Hg at the baseline visit.
  • Stroke, transient ischemic attack, acute coronary syndrome, or hospitalization for heart failure worsening, within the previous 30 days.
  • Professional drivers, risk profession or respiratory failure.
  • Severe daytime sleepiness (Epworth sleepiness scale >18)
  • Concomitant treatment with high doses of acetylsalicylic acid (> 500 mg/day) or continuous treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
  • Previous treatment with CPAP
  • Participation in another clinical trial within the 30 days prior to randomization.

Trial design

Primary purpose

Treatment

Allocation

Randomized

Interventional model

Parallel Assignment

Masking

None (Open label)

180 participants in 2 patient groups

CPAP treatment
Experimental group
Description:
Diet and conventional pharmacological treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists or anti-aldosterone agents plus continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Treatment:
Device: Continuous positive airway pressure
Other: Diet
Drug: Pharmacological treatment
Control treatment
Active Comparator group
Description:
Diet and conventional pharmacological treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists or anti-aldosterone agents.
Treatment:
Other: Diet
Drug: Pharmacological treatment

Trial contacts and locations

6

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Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov

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