Dental Changes Following the Traction of Impacted Maxillary Canines

Damascus University

Status: Completed

Conditions: Impaction of Tooth

Treatments: Procedure: Corticotomy; Procedure: Conventional traction

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT07294378

UDDS-2025-Ortho-11

Details and patient eligibility

About

The impaction of maxillary canines is a challenge for orthodontists. Recently, new methods have been proposed to accelerate canine withdrawal. The associated dental changes between the conventional and accelerated methods of canine traction have not yet been assessed.

Full description

Impacted canines are defined as those that have not erupted within 6 six months after completing the formation of their roots or that were not present within the dental arch during their eruption phase. Upper Impacted canines are present in 2% of the general population and occur in females at a rate of 1.17%, which is almost twice the incidence in males. The incidence of palatal impaction ranges from 60% to 80% and is present bilaterally with a rate of 75-95%. The upper canines usually erupt at an average age of 10.5 years in females and 11.5 years in males, with an individual difference of 3-4 years. Eruption failure of the upper canines occurs because of hard or soft tissue obstructions or an abnormal eruption pathway.

The most important causes of palatally impaction of upper canines are dental arch length deficiency, over-retained primary teeth, and trauma during the canine formation stage. One local mechanical cause is a decrease in the width of the upper dental arch. McConnell et al. reported that patients with upper impacted canines had a reduction in dental arch width, especially in the anterior region. On the other hand, unilateral or bilateral upper canine impaction can affect upper dental arch width and alter smile symmetry.

The impaction of the upper canine is also considered as one of the causes that lead to a lack of transverse development of the maxillary dental arch, especially the inter-premolar width. This is supported by the functional matrix theory, which considers that the presence of the organ stimulates bone growth. Thus, the natural eruption of the canine stimulates the normal transverse growth of the dental arch.

Many treatment strategies were used to treat impacted canine cases, but orthodontic traction after surgical exposure was the most commonly recommended method in the literature, given the great aesthetic and functional value of the upper canines. Two main surgical methods are used for this purpose: the open and closed surgical approaches.

Several mechanical means have been used to obtain the traction force. However, choosing the appropriate mechanical method that produces the least undesirable effects on adjacent teeth was a challenge for the clinical practitioner.

Many factors could result in unwanted changes in the spatial position of the adjacent teeth, such as the use of an open coil spring, direct reliance on these teeth to tract the impacted canine, the type of baseline orthodontic archwire used, and the type of orthodontic anchorage means. These side effects on adjacent teeth can be minimized by using techniques such as the segmented archwire technique and temporary anchorage devices (TADs).

Enrollment: 44 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 28 years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

1. patients' ages ranged from 18 to 28 years old
2. unilaterally palatally or mid-alveolar upper impacted canine
3. patients who have never received orthodontic treatment previously
4. mild crowding of the maxillary arch (less than 4 mm) and class I first molars relation

Exclusion criteria

1. bilateral or buccal canine impaction
2. patients who have a contraindication to perform oral surgery under local anesthesia (social, psychological, mor edical)
3. more than 45-degree angle between the longitudinal axis of the impacted canines and the facial midline
4. bad oral health

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Single Blind

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44 participants in 2 patient groups

Accelerated canine traction group

Experimental group

Description:

Perforations of the bone surrounding the impacted canine will be conducted at the time of canine exposure. Two months later, another flapless corticotomy procedure will be performed during the withdrawal of the impacted canine.

Treatment:

Procedure: Corticotomy

Conventional canine traction

Active Comparator group

Description:

The canines will be withdrawn to the dental arch using the conventionnal method without subjecitng the patient to any additional surgical intervention.

Treatment:

Procedure: Conventional traction