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About
INVISIBLE-1 aims to prospectively follow patients up to one year after ischemic stroke to:
Methodology
The investigators will include 370 stroke patients with elevated D-dimer (≥ 820 μg/L) at the time of stroke, suspicion of ESUS after initial workup and without known cancer. The investigators will perform a follow-up telephone interview at one year to assess the occurrence of a new cancer and characterize the course of the disease.
Significance
Determining the real incidence of occult cancer in high-risk patients will help support the implementation of screening trials in the future. Faster detection and treatment of occult cancers would significantly impact patient' outcomes by offering faster cancer treatment and optimal secondary stroke prevention.
Full description
INVISIBLE-1 is the first prospective study conducting a 1-year post-stroke follow-up telephone interview in preselected stroke patients at high-risk for occult cancer.
INVISIBLE-1 aims to:
Hypothesis
Elevated D-dimer and suspicion of ESUS at admission may predict an underlying unknown cancer at the time of index stroke. The investigators hypothesize that the cumulative incidence of newly diagnosed cancer within 1 year after stroke reaches 15% in patients presenting these characteristics. This percentage is higher than the 10% currently known according to available retrospective studies.
Project design
To ensure the recruitment of the majority of potential occult cancer patients, the investigators set the D-dimer cut-off for inclusion of ≥ 820 μg/L at admission, based on our intern retrospective analyses of 1001 patients (OCCULT-5 score). In patients with ESUS, this cut-off was associated with a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 56% for the presence of an occult cancer diagnosed within 1 year after the index-stroke.
As suggested by the current evidence, the investigators decided to set the limit for diagnosis of new cancer at 1 year after the index stroke. Beyond this period, the causality is questionable in our opinion.
Enrollment
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Volunteers
Inclusion criteria
Informed consent as documented by signature from patient or next of kin
Age ≥ 18 years old
Acute ischemic stroke with symptom onset within 48 h before admission
Acute ischemic stroke with:
D-dimer ≥ 820 μg/L measured after symptom-onset and within 24h after admission
Embolic stroke of unknown source (ESUS)* after initial work-up (acute cerebral imaging, 12-lead electrocardiogram, cardiac monitoring for at least 24h and echocardiography)
Exclusion criteria
ESUS*: According to the definition from the NAVIGATE ESUS randomized trial: Non-lacunar ischemic stroke occurring in a patient in whom investigations did not show another specifically treatable underlying stroke etiology, primarily >50% stenosis in a proximal extracranial or intracranial artery, atrial fibrillation, other major-risk cardioembolic sources, or other determined etiology.
Active Cancer**: According to the definition from the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis: Cancer diagnosed within the previous six months, recurrent, regionally advanced or metastatic cancer, cancer for which treatment had been administered within six months, or hematological malignancy that is not in complete remission for more than 5 years.
► Patients with history of cancer not meeting these criteria anymore can be included in the study.
370 participants in 1 patient group
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Central trial contact
Morin Beyeler, MD; Simon Jung, MD
Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov
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