Dual-Task Exercise Effects on Balance and Cognition by Physical Performance Level (Dual Task)

Bahçeşehir University

Status: Enrolling

Conditions: Physical Activity Levels; Dual Task

Treatments: Other: Exercise

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT07120074

Bahcesehir University

-78097791-020-4138

Details and patient eligibility

About

This study aims to investigate the effects of dual-task exercises on balance and cognitive function in individuals with varying levels of physical performance. Dual-task training, which involves performing cognitive and motor activities simultaneously, has been shown to improve functional mobility, especially in older adults and patients with neurological conditions. However, limited data exist on how these effects differ among individuals with different physical capacities. The findings of this study will contribute to understanding the therapeutic value of dual-task exercises in promoting both physical and cognitive health.

Full description

Physical activity is a fundamental element of a healthy lifestyle, playing a critical role in improving overall health and enhancing long-term quality of life. Defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure, physical activity encompasses a broad range of behaviors, including household chores, leisure-time sports, school physical education, and structured exercise. Exercise, a subset of physical activity, refers to planned, repetitive, and purposeful movement aimed at improving physical fitness. The frequency, intensity, and duration of activity are key factors in its classification and effectiveness. Physical activities can also be categorized by context-such as those occurring during work, sleep, or leisure time-with leisure-time activities further divided into exercise, sports, domestic chores, and other tasks.

Daily life often requires performing multiple tasks at the same time, placing simultaneous demands on both motor and cognitive functions. Dual-task training, which evaluates the ability to perform cognitive and motor activities concurrently, is gaining increasing attention. In recent years, shifts in occupational and lifestyle demands-driven by technological advancement-have led to increased reliance on cognitive skills, underscoring the importance of dual-task capacity in modern life.

Research has shown that performing simultaneous tasks can challenge attentional resources, particularly when cognitive and motor demands are high. This can lead to decreased performance, a phenomenon referred to as dual-task interference. Such interference is influenced by multiple factors, including task difficulty, attentional demands, task prioritization, and individual characteristics like age, fear of falling, and cognitive or motor abilities.

Balance control depends on the integration of visual, vestibular, and somatosensory inputs, alongside neuromuscular feedback. It is fundamental to the performance of voluntary motor actions and is affected by environmental context and task specificity.

The literature demonstrates that dual-task training has been effective in older adults, improving functions such as gait, balance, and reducing fall risk. Studies involving patients with neurological conditions (e.g., Parkinson's disease) also highlight improvements in motor and cognitive performance following dual-task interventions. These gains have been associated with greater autonomy in activities of daily living.

Despite these promising outcomes, few studies have examined the effects of dual-task training across populations with different physical performance levels. Our study aims to address this gap by evaluating how individuals with varying physical capacities respond to dual-task exercise programs in terms of balance and cognitive function. The overarching goal is to contribute to evidence supporting the integration of dual-task interventions into broader health promotion and rehabilitation strategies targeting both physical and mental well-being.

Enrollment: 52 estimated patients

Sex: All

Ages: 20 to 50 months old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

Aged between 20 and 50 years Adequate cognitive function to understand instructions and participate in the study Willingness and ability to participate regularly in the exercise program Ability to comprehend and follow the study procedures

Exclusion criteria

Diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis Diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Diagnosed with Parkinson's disease Diagnosed with multiple sclerosis History of stroke Diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease or other dementias Diagnosed with scoliosis causing physical limitation History of lower limb fractures Presence of foot or ankle tendonitis Diagnosed with color blindness or legal blindness History of major surgery (e.g., orthopedic, spinal, abdominal) within the past 6 months Irregular attendance or non-compliance with the exercise protocol

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Non-Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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52 participants in 2 patient groups

Highly active dual-task exercise group

Active Comparator group

Description:

Dual-task exercises involve the simultaneous performance of a motor task (e.g., walking, balancing, carrying an object) and a cognitive task (e.g., counting, word recall, attention tasks). These exercises simulate real-life situations that require multitasking and aim to improve motor-cognitive integration. They have been shown to be effective in enhancing balance, gait, and cognitive functions, particularly in older adults, individuals with neurological disorders, and those at risk of falling.Based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF) scores, participants were categorized into two groups: highly active and less active. Both groups underwent the same dual-task exercise protocol.

Treatment:

Other: Exercise

Low-activity dual-task exercise group

Active Comparator group

Description:

Dual-task exercises involve the simultaneous performance of a motor task (e.g., walking, balancing, carrying an object) and a cognitive task (e.g., counting, word recall, attention tasks). These exercises simulate real-life situations that require multitasking and aim to improve motor-cognitive integration. They have been shown to be effective in enhancing balance, gait, and cognitive functions, particularly in older adults, individuals with neurological disorders, and those at risk of falling. Based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF) scores, participants were categorized into two groups: highly active and less active. Both groups underwent the same dual-task exercise protocol.

Treatment:

Other: Exercise