Effect of Butorphanol Combined With Flurbiprofen Axetil on Preventing Hyperalgesia Induced by Remifentanil in Patients

Tianjin Medical University

Status: Completed

Conditions: Pain; Anesthesia

Treatments: Drug: Normal Saline; Drug: Sufentanil; Drug: Remifentanil; Drug: Butorphanol; Drug: Flurbiprofen axetil

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT02043366

GWang001

Details and patient eligibility

About

Purpose:

To explore and compare antihyperalgesic effects of butorphanol, flurbiprofen axetil, and a combination of both received before anesthesia induction.

To evaluate and examine the incidence of adverse effects with the purpose of selecting the optimum dose.

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Full description

There are a dramatically increasing number of evidences that administration of the potent, ultra-short-acting opioid remifentanil seems to cause opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) more frequently and predictably compared with the others, likely due to its rapid onset and offset. Therefore, prophylaxis of remifentanil induced hyperalgesia is indispensable to postoperative comfort and satisfaction.

There is no denying the fact that OIH is related to central glutaminergic system and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-activation induced central sensitization. Prostaglandins can promote glutamate release from both astrocytes and spinal cord dorsal horns with subsequent activation of the NMDA receptors, and flurbiprofen axetil, as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), not only functionally antagonizes the NMDA receptor activation via inhibition of prostaglandins, but also is a targeted drug which gathers at the site of inflammation, thus greatly enhances the analgesic effect. While butorphanol has both spinal analgesic and sedative functions because of predominantly central κ-receptor agonist activation, other advantages of butorphanol include few side effects, very low addiction potential, and low toxicity on account of a partial agonist-antagonist activity to μ-receptor. Moreover, antihyperalgesic activity of κ opioids at the site of inflammation has been reported in various acute pain models. The following study is carried out to evaluate whether butorphanol combined with flurbiprofen axetil can be safely and effectively applied to preventing postoperative hyperalgesia induced by remifentanil in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery.

Enrollment: 180 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 20 to 60 years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

1. Subject is scheduled to undergo lower abdominal surgery under a short general anesthesia of less than 2 hours
2. Subject's American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status is I-II.
3. The subject's parent/legally authorized guardian has given written informed consent to participate.

Exclusion criteria

1. Subject has a diagnosis of renal or liver failure.
2. Subject has a diagnosis of Insulin dependent diabetes.
3. Subject is allergy and contraindication to butorphanol or NSAIDs.
4. Subject has a history of chronic pain, a history of alcohol or opioid abuse, pre-existing therapy with opioids, intake of any analgesic drug within 48 hours before surgery.
5. Subject has any contraindication for the use of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA).
6. Subject is pregnant or breast-feeding.
7. Subject is obese (body mass index >30kg/m^2).

Trial design

Primary purpose: Prevention

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Double Blind

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180 participants in 6 patient groups, including a placebo group

Normal Saline

Placebo Comparator group

Description:

Normal saline is intravenously administrated before anesthesia induction and intraoperative pain management was with remifentanil

Treatment:

Drug: Remifentanil

Drug: Normal Saline

Butorphanol

Active Comparator group

Description:

Butorphanol is intravenously administrated at a dose of 20μg/ kg before anesthesia induction and intraoperative pain management was with remifentanil

Treatment:

Drug: Remifentanil

Drug: Butorphanol

Flurbiprofen axetilⅠ

Active Comparator group

Description:

Flurbiprofen axetil is intravenously administrated at a dose of 1.0mg/ kg before anesthesia induction and intraoperative pain management was with remifentanil

Treatment:

Drug: Remifentanil

Drug: Flurbiprofen axetil

Flurbiprofen axetilⅡ

Active Comparator group

Description:

Flurbiprofen axetil is intravenously administrated at a dose of 1.0mg/ kg before the skin closure and intraoperative pain management was with remifentanil

Treatment:

Drug: Remifentanil

Drug: Flurbiprofen axetil

Butorphanol-Flurbiprofen axetil

Active Comparator group

Description:

A dose of 10μg/ kg butorphanol and a dose of 0.5mg/ kg flurbiprofen axetil are intravenously administrated before anesthesia induction and intraoperative pain management was with remifentanil

Treatment:

Drug: Remifentanil

Drug: Butorphanol

Drug: Flurbiprofen axetil

Sufentanil

Sham Comparator group

Description:

Normal saline is intravenously administrated before anesthesia induction and intraoperative pain management was with sufentanil

Treatment:

Drug: Sufentanil

Drug: Normal Saline