Effect of Liquid Volume and the Amount of Incorporated Gas Into a Carbohydrate/Protein Beverage on Satiety

Unilever

Status: Completed

Conditions: Satiety; Appetite

Treatments: Dietary Supplement: Beverage 1; Dietary Supplement: Beverage 4; Dietary Supplement: Beverage 9; Dietary Supplement: Beverage 2; Dietary Supplement: Beverage 6; Dietary Supplement: Beverage 8; Dietary Supplement: Beverage 5; Dietary Supplement: Beverage 3; Dietary Supplement: Beverage 7

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Industry

Identifiers

NCT02405494

10029V

Details and patient eligibility

About

Liquid foams can be formed by trapping pockets of gas in a beverage. The primary objective of this study is to test the individual contribution, and possible interaction, of the liquid volume and gas to liquid volume ratio (i.e. %overrun (%OR, defined as 100 x [gas volume/liquid volume]) of a beverage to its satiating properties.

Full description

It is not known how the liquid and gas volumes of a liquid foam contribute to its satiating properties and how and if these factors interact. The best way to assess these parameter combinations and their interactions is to use a special statistical approach named "Response Surface Methodology" (RSM). The current study therefore has a Central Composite Design with 9 foams differing in liquid volume and in ratio of gas to liquid volume (%overrun, which is defined as 100 x gas volume/liquid volume).

Each subject will be appointed to a single parameter combination and receives this parameter combination twice, separated by a one-week wash-out period.

On both test days subjects' self-assessment of feelings of satiety and physical discomfort will be recorded during 4 hours post-consumption of the treatment using Electronic Visual Analogue Scale.

Enrollment: 96 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 60 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• BMI between 21 and 32 kg/m²
• Apparently healthy: measured by questionnaire: no reported current or previous metabolic diseases or chronic gastrointestinal disorders
• Reported dietary habits: no medically prescribed diet, no slimming diet, used to eat 3 meals a day, no vegetarian.
• Reported intense sporting activities below 10h/w
• Reported alcohol consumption below 14 units/w (female volunteers) or below 21 units/w (male volunteers)

Exclusion criteria

• Dislike, allergy or intolerance to test products or indicating to be unable to consume 514 ml of aerated test product
• Any food allergy, or dislike or intolerance with the foods supplied during the study
• Eating disorder (measured by SCOFF questionnaire, 2 or more"yes" responses) High or very high restrained eaters (measured by questionnaire; score of 15 or higher, Polivy et al. 1978)
• Reported medical treatment that may affect eating habits/satiety
• Reported lactating (or lactating < 6 weeks ago), pregnant (or pregnant < 6 months ago) or wish to become pregnant during the study

Trial design

Primary purpose: Basic Science

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Single Blind

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96 participants in 9 patient groups

Beverage 1

Other group

Description:

Liquid foam consisting of 37 ml liquid with 73% overrun (total volume 65 ml).

Treatment:

Dietary Supplement: Beverage 1

Beverage 2

Other group

Description:

Liquid foam consisting of 37 ml liquid with 427% overrun (total volume 197 ml).

Treatment:

Dietary Supplement: Beverage 2

Beverage 3

Other group

Description:

Liquid foam consisting of 98 ml liquid with 73% overrun (total volume 169 ml).

Treatment:

Dietary Supplement: Beverage 3

Beverage 4

Other group

Description:

Liquid foam consisting of 98 ml liquid with 427% overrun (total volume 514 ml).

Treatment:

Dietary Supplement: Beverage 4

Beverage 5

Other group

Description:

Liquid foam consisting of 25 ml liquid with 250% overrun (total volume 88 ml).

Treatment:

Dietary Supplement: Beverage 5

Beverage 6

Other group

Description:

Liquid foam consisting of 110 ml liquid with 250% overrun (total volume 385 ml).

Treatment:

Dietary Supplement: Beverage 6

Beverage 7

Other group

Description:

68 ml beverage consisting of 68 ml liquid with 0% overrun (total volume 68 ml).

Treatment:

Dietary Supplement: Beverage 7

Beverage 8

Other group

Description:

Liquid foam consisting of 68 ml liquid with 500% overrun (total volume 405 ml).

Treatment:

Dietary Supplement: Beverage 8

Beverage 9

Other group

Description:

Liquid foam consisting of 68 ml liquid with 250% overrun (total volume 236 ml).

Treatment:

Dietary Supplement: Beverage 9