Effect of Liuzijue and Box Breathing on Inspiratory Capacity and Blood Pressure After Femoral Neck Fracture Immobilization

Saveetha University

Status: Completed

Conditions: Inspiratory Capacity; Femoral Neck Fractures; Breathing Exercises; Blood Pressure

Treatments: Other: Liuzijue Qi Gong Exercise; Other: Box Breathing Technique

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT07389291

065/05/2025/ISRB/PGSR/SCPT

Details and patient eligibility

About

The purpose of this study is to understand how two simple breathing exercise techniques (Liuzijue and box breathing) affect inspiratory capacity and blood pressure in people who were immobilized after a femoral neck fracture.

Older adults who sustain a femoral neck fracture are often required to remain immobile for several weeks. Prolonged immobilization can reduce lung capacity and may negatively affect blood pressure control, increasing the risk of breathing difficulties and other health problems. Breathing-based exercise techniques may help improve respiratory function and cardiovascular stability during recovery.

This study retrospectively analyzed data from patients who had previously received either Liuzijue exercises or box breathing techniques as part of their rehabilitation program. The main questions this study aimed to answer were:

Do Liuzijue and box breathing techniques improve inspiratory capacity after a period of immobilization? Do these techniques help in controlling systolic and diastolic blood pressure? Is one technique more effective than the other over a 4-week intervention period?

Data were collected at three time points: before the intervention (baseline), at the second week, and at the end of the fourth week. The findings of this study may help healthcare professionals choose simple, safe, and cost-effective breathing interventions for patients recovering from femoral neck fractures.

Full description

Femoral neck fractures are common in the elderly population and are frequently associated with prolonged periods of immobilization. Extended immobilization can lead to reduced lung volumes, impaired inspiratory capacity and alterations in blood pressure regulation due to decreased physical activity and respiratory muscle disuse. These changes increase the risk of respiratory complications and cardiovascular instability during recovery.

Liuzijue is a traditional breathing-based exercise that combines slow, controlled breathing with specific vocalized exhalation patterns. It has been shown to improve respiratory muscle function, lung volumes and autonomic regulation. Box Breathing is a simple, structured breathing technique involving equal phases of inhalation, breath-holding, exhalation, and breath-holding and is known to promote relaxation and cardiovascular stability through autonomic nervous system modulation.

This retrospective study analyzed data from patients who had undergone a 4-week breathing-based intervention program following immobilization due to femoral neck fracture. Participants were divided into two groups based on the intervention they received: the Liuzijue exercise group and the Box Breathing technique group. Both interventions were administered for 20 minutes per session, twice daily, six days per week, over a period of four weeks as part of routine physiotherapy care.

Inspiratory capacity was measured using a volume-oriented incentive spirometer, while blood pressure parameters, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure, were recorded using a Digital sphygmomanometer. Outcome measures were documented at baseline (prior to intervention), at the end of the second week and at the completion of the fourth week.

The primary outcome of the study was the change in inspiratory capacity over the intervention period. Secondary outcomes included changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Data were analyzed to evaluate within-group improvements over time and to compare the effectiveness of Liuzijue and Box Breathing techniques.

The findings of this study aim to provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of simple, non-invasive breathing-based interventions in improving respiratory function and blood pressure control in elderly individuals recovering from femoral neck fracture immobilization. The results may assist clinicians in selecting appropriate respiratory rehabilitation strategies for this population.

Enrollment: 40 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 65 to 85 years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Participants aged between 65-85 years
• Femoral neck fracture managed conservatively or surgically.
• Volume-oriented incentive spirometer level less than 1000ml
• Blood pressure between 130/85 mmHg and 150/95 mmHg, not on regular antihypertensive medications
• Minimum 2 weeks of immobilization following the fracture.
• Ability to understand instructions and follow simple exercise routines.
• Ability to provide informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

• Recent major surgery (other than the femoral fracture)
• Severe hearing or speech impairment
• Uncontrolled hypertension (BP > 150/95 mmHg)
• Use of supplemental oxygen at rest
• Cognitive impairment
• History of cardiovascular events in the past 6 months
• History of recurrent syncope or dizziness
• Severe uncontrolled pain in the lower limb

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Non-Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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40 participants in 2 patient groups

Liuzijue Qi Gong Exercise Group

Experimental group

Treatment:

Other: Liuzijue Qi Gong Exercise

Box Breathing Technique Group

Active Comparator group

Treatment:

Other: Box Breathing Technique