Effect of Snacks on Appetite Control

St. Boniface Hospital

Status: Completed

Conditions: Appetite Control; Healthy Canadians

Treatments: Other: gluten-free high protein snack #1; Other: gluten-free snack with similar energy density, but less protein and fibre than snack #2; Other: gluten-free high protein and high fibre snack #2; Other: gluten-free snack with similar energy density but 1/2 the protein as snack #1; Other: non-caloric control

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT01806688

H2013:036

RRC/2013/1276 (Other Identifier)

Details and patient eligibility

About

This clinical trial is being conducted to study whether eating certain snacks will reduce your desire to eat and for a longer period of time compared to other snacks. The investigators are testing 2 different snacks. Study #1 will involve eating 2 different seed-like snacks or water. Study #2 will involve eating pita bread with jam, bread with jam or water. The test snack is higher in protein and/or fibre compared to the reference product.

Full description

Healthy adults will be recruited to participate in a randomized, controlled, crossover study to investigate whether or not eating snacks made with buckwheat would increase satiety and reduce their energy intake when compared to a comparable snack. Water was included as a non-caloric control. The study consisted of 3 visits and participants would receive a different treatment at each visit. Visits were scheduled at least 7 days apart. Visual analog scales will be used to assess appetite related sensations at 7 time points, fasting, 30 minutes after consuming the snack and then at 30 minute intervals for 180 minutes. Participants will be provided with a lunch and the amount of food consumed will be weighed. I addition, participants will be asked to maintain a food record for the remainder of the day.

Enrollment: 46 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 20 to 70 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Body mass index 18-30kg/m2
• males and non-pregnant or non-lactating females

Exclusion criteria

• Diagnosis of disease by a medical doctor that requires medical treatment during the study period.
• Daily tobacco use.
• Physical Activity Level >1.8.
• Eat meals at irregular or unusual times.
• Food allergy, aversion or unwillingness to eat study foods.
• Use of any prescription or non-prescription drug, herbal or nutritional supplement known to affect appetite.
• Presence of a gastrointestinal disorder.
• Score >65% on any 1 of the 3 categories of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18.

Trial design

Primary purpose: Other

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Crossover Assignment

Masking: Single Blind

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46 participants in 2 patient groups

Experimental Snack #1

Experimental group

Description:

One of three interventions to be administered at each visit, an experimental snack, a placebo comparator reference product or a placebo comparator non-caloric control. The experimental snack #1 is a gluten-free high protein snack comprised of a 30g serving of buckwheat groats. The placebo comparator reference product is a gluten-free snack with similar energy density, but 1/2 the protein as snack #1, comprised of a 32g serving of corn nuts. The placebo comparator non-caloric control is water.

Treatment:

Other: gluten-free high protein snack #1

Other: gluten-free snack with similar energy density but 1/2 the protein as snack #1

Other: non-caloric control

Experimental Snack #2

Experimental group

Description:

One of three interventions to be administered at each visit, an experimental snack, a placebo comparator reference product or a placebo comparator non-caloric control. The experimental snack #2 is a gluten-free high protein and high fibre snack comprised of a 50g serving of a buckwheat and pinto bean flour pita bread. The placebo comparator reference product is a gluten-free snack with similar energy density, but less protein and fibre than snack #2, comprised of a 50g serving of rice bread. The placebo comparator non-caloric control is water.

Treatment:

Other: gluten-free snack with similar energy density, but less protein and fibre than snack #2

Other: gluten-free high protein and high fibre snack #2

Other: non-caloric control