Effect of Toothpastes on Oral Malodor

Çankırı Karatekin University

Status: Completed

Conditions: Oral Malodor (Halitosis)

Treatments: Other: Propolis Containing Toothpaste; Other: Standard fluoride toothpaste; Other: Phosphate-based formulation toothpaste; Other: Probiotic containing toothpaste

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT07329062

Approval No: 18, Date: 29/01/2

Details and patient eligibility

About

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different toothpaste formulations on oral malodor in young adults, addressing the lack of clinical evidence regarding propolis- and probiotic-containing toothpastes, which have predominantly been investigated in mouthrinse, tablet, or chewing gum formulations.

Volunteers aged 18-30 years with baseline organoleptic assessment (OA) and Breath Checker® (BC) scores >0 were randomized into four toothpaste groups: propolis-containing (Glimo Beta), probiotic-containing (Glimo Pi), phosphate-based (Glimo Gamma), and a standard fluoride toothpaste (Sensodyne). Allocation concealment was ensured using identical coded containers, and outcome assessors were blinded. After exclusions, 52 participants completed the study. Oral malodor was evaluated at baseline (T0) and Day 14 (T1) using OA, BC measurements, and self-perceived oral malodor scores.

Enrollment: 52 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 30 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• • No systemic diseases or medications known to cause halitosis

  • No active periodontal disease requiring treatment
  • No antibiotic use within the previous month
  • No orthodontic or removable space-maintaining appliances
  • Non-smokers
  • Organoleptic score >0 and Breath-Checker® (BC) score >0 at baseline

Exclusion criteria

• Participants reporting systemic conditions, active periodontal therapy, smoking, or antibiotic usage were excluded.

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Single Blind

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52 participants in 4 patient groups

Propolis containing toothpaste

Experimental group

Description:

Participants in this arm used propolis containing toothpaste twice daily for routine oral hygiene during the study period.

Treatment:

Other: Propolis Containing Toothpaste

probiotic containing toothpaste

Experimental group

Description:

Participants in this arm used probiotic containing toothpaste twice daily for routine oral hygiene during the study period.

Treatment:

Other: Probiotic containing toothpaste

Phosphate-based formulation toothpaste

Experimental group

Description:

Participants in this arm used phosphate-based formulation toothpaste twice daily for routine oral hygiene during the study period.

Treatment:

Other: Phosphate-based formulation toothpaste

Standard fluoride

Experimental group

Description:

Participants in this arm used standard fluoride containing toothpaste twice daily for routine oral hygiene during the study period.

Treatment:

Other: Standard fluoride toothpaste