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Effective Treatments for Jellyfish Stings

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Stanford University

Status

Completed

Conditions

Jellyfish Stings

Treatments

Other: Sodium Bicarbonate Slurry (50%)
Other: Ammonia (10%)
Other: Hot Tap Water (40 degrees Celsius)
Other: Isopropyl Alcohol (70%)
Other: Papain Slurry (70%)
Other: Acetic Acid (5%)
Drug: Lidocaine (4%)
Other: No treatment

Study type

Interventional

Funder types

Other

Identifiers

NCT02015195
JSP-001

Details and patient eligibility

About

The purpose of the study is to attempt to determine which treatment from commonly used treatments is the best at reducing pain and redness of the skin after a sting from a Portuguese Man of War, Chrysaora chinensis, or Chrysaora fuscescens.

Jellyfish stings are a common occurrence in many parts of the world causing significant morbidity to persons stung by jellyfish while participating in marine activities whether commercial or recreational. Much debate and confusion exist both in the medical literature and the common recommendations regarding how to treat persons stung by jellyfish. Specifically concerning what topical treatments are most efficacious at decreasing envenomation by nematocyst on skin, preventing the firing of un-discharged nematocyst, decreasing inflammation and pain resulting from envenomation by nematocyst. Antidotal recommendations and past studies have referenced numerous different topical treatments for jellyfish stings including but not limited to vinegar, urine, alcohol, distilled spirits, ammonia, bleach, acetone, bicarbonate slurry, lidocaine, meat tenderizer, Coca Cola, old wine, salt water, cold packs, hot water, and commercial products such as Stingose and Stingaid. Conflicting data exists regarding what works and what does not for nematocysts discharge, skin erythema, and pain reaction.

The investigators would like to investigate which treatment is best out of some of the more commonly studied treatments for reducing pain and erythema.

The investigators would like to complete a research study to try to bring some reasonable evidence to the field treatment of jellyfish stings, namely, the decontamination process (e.g., what can you put on a jellyfish sting that will be helpful, based on real data?).

The questions asked are as follows:

  • What topical treatments for jellyfish stings actually decrease the amount of inflammation seen on a macroscopic level on the skin of humans?
  • What topical treatments for jellyfish stings actually decrease the sensation of pain in humans?
  • Do topical chemical treatments cause different outcomes when exposed to the above parameters?
  • Do different species of jellyfish nematocysts react differently based on the type of topical chemical treatment used? What is the variation of effects of topical treatments based on the species of jellyfish sting?

Specifically, the investigators will be stinging human subject on both arms with a segment of tentacle for approximately 2 minutes. This will be followed by no treatment on one arm (control arm) and by treatment on the other arm with either: acetic acid (5%), sodium bicarbonate slurry (50%), papain slurry (70%), ammonia (10%), viscous lidocaine (4%), isopropyl alcohol (70%), or hot tap water (40 degrees Celsius). Outcomes measured will include pain and erythema.

Enrollment

97 patients

Sex

All

Ages

18 to 65 years old

Volunteers

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

  • Ages 18-65 years
  • Healthy volunteers

Exclusion criteria

  • Known history of allergic reaction or anaphylaxis to prior Cnidaria sting of there envenomations
  • Family history of anaphylaxis to any sting from either Cnidaria, bee, or wasp
  • Pregnancy

Trial design

Primary purpose

Treatment

Allocation

Randomized

Interventional model

Parallel Assignment

Masking

Triple Blind

97 participants in 7 patient groups

Acetic Acid 5%
Experimental group
Description:
Acetic Acid (5%) Dosage form: Liquid Dosage: 5 ml topical Frequency: every 2 minutes Duration: 30 minutes
Treatment:
Other: No treatment
Other: Acetic Acid (5%)
Sodium Bicarbonate Slurry (50%)
Experimental group
Description:
Sodium Bicarbonate Slurry (50%) Dosage form: Liquid slurry Dosage: 5 ml topical Frequency: every 2 minutes Duration: 30 minutes
Treatment:
Other: No treatment
Other: Sodium Bicarbonate Slurry (50%)
Papain Slurry (70%)
Experimental group
Description:
Papain Slurry (70%) Dosage form: Liquid slurry Dosage: 5 ml topical Frequency: every 2 minutes Duration: 30 minutes
Treatment:
Other: No treatment
Other: Papain Slurry (70%)
Household ammonia (10%)
Experimental group
Description:
Ammonia (10%) Dosage form: Liquid Dosage: 5 ml topical Frequency: every 2 minutes Duration: 30 minutes
Treatment:
Other: No treatment
Other: Ammonia (10%)
Lidocaine (4%)
Experimental group
Description:
Lidocaine (4%) Dosage form: Liquid Dosage: 5 ml topical Frequency: every 2 minutes Duration: 30 minutes
Treatment:
Other: No treatment
Drug: Lidocaine (4%)
Isopropyl Alcohol (70%)
Experimental group
Description:
Isopropyl Alcohol (70%) Dosage form: Liquid Dosage: 5 ml topical Frequency: every 2 minutes Duration: 30 minutes
Treatment:
Other: No treatment
Other: Isopropyl Alcohol (70%)
Hot Water (40 degrees Celsius)
Experimental group
Description:
Hot Tap Water (40 degrees Celsius) Dosage form: Liquid Dosage: 5 ml topical Frequency: every 2 minutes Duration: 30 minutes
Treatment:
Other: No treatment
Other: Hot Tap Water (40 degrees Celsius)

Trial contacts and locations

1

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Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov

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