Effectiveness of Distraction Techniques on Pain Intensity During Immunization Among Infants

Maharishi Markendeswar University (Deemed to be University)

Status: Completed

Conditions: Pain

Treatments: Other: Distraction technique

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT03222050

777

Details and patient eligibility

About

A study to assess and compare the effectiveness of Distraction techniques on Pain intensity during Immunization among Infants in selected hospital of Ambala, Haryana.

Full description

Immunization is an important part of public health intervention and cost effective strategy to control the infectious diseases especially in children and it is one of the most common painful procedure in infants. Pain during immunization leads to distressing experience for the infant, parents and health care worker. Distraction is non pharmacological method which is used for diverting attention from noxious stimulus by passively redirecting the attention or by actively performed by the subject in the performance of diversion technique. Aim and objectives:The aim of present study was to compare the effectiveness of distraction techniques on pain intensity during immunization among infants. The objectives of the study were to assess and compare the mean pain scores among infants receiving immunization in electronic toy group, key toy group, simple toy group and control group and to find out the association of pain scores among infants receiving immunization with their selected variables. Material and methods: A true experimental multiple intervention post test control design was used. There were 100 infants selected using simple random sampling technique and were randomly allocated in various groups such as electronic toy group, key toy group, simple toy group and control group using lottery method. During immunization, distraction techniques were shown to experimental groups and routine care was given to control group. Research tool was submitted to 7 experts from various specialists for validity. Reliability was calculated by Kappa method and it was 0.83 of FLACC pain scale to assess pain intensity during immunization among infants. Data collection was done in January 2017. The obtained data was analyzed and interpreted in terms of objectives and research hypotheses. Analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Enrollment: 100 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 10 to 14 weeks old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• • Infants who were-visiting immunization clinics of Civil Hospital for immunization.

having 10 and 14 weeks of age. receiving pentavalent vaccine. Parents and caregivers who were willing to give consent

Exclusion criteria

The study excluded infants who: had undergone any painful procedure 2 hour prior to immunization, were visually or hearing disabled.

had history of seizures, use of topical anesthetics at immunization site, use of sedatives, analgesics or opioids in the preceding 24 hours.

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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100 participants in 4 patient groups

electronic toy group

Experimental group

Description:

Distraction technique was given by electronic toy during immunization and started 30 seconds before immunization and it lasted until 15 seconds

Treatment:

Other: Distraction technique

key toy group

Experimental group

Description:

Distraction technique was given by key toy during immunization and started 30 seconds before immunization and it lasted until 15 seconds

Treatment:

Other: Distraction technique

Simple toy group

Experimental group

Description:

Distraction technique was given by simple toy during immunization and started 30 seconds before immunization and it lasted until 15 seconds

Treatment:

Other: Distraction technique

control group

No Intervention group

Description:

Routine care was given during immunization and no intervention was given