Effectiveness of Dry Cold Application on Pain and Bruise at the Subcutaneous Injection Site Among Patients Admitted in ICU

Maharishi Markendeswar University (Deemed to be University)

Status: Completed

Conditions: Bruise; Pain

Treatments: Other: Dry cold application; Other: sub cutaneous injection (low molecular weight heparin)

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT03233321

774

Details and patient eligibility

About

The study evaluate the effectiveness of dry cold application on pain intensity and bruise at the subcutaneous injection site among patients admitted in medical I.C.U. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 60 hospitalized patients (30 in experimental and 30 in comparison group). Dry cold was applied to the subcutaneous injection site using ice bag filled with crushed ice with half table spoon of salt for 20 minutes after the administration of injection and no intervention was given in comparison group.

Full description

Setting was randomized by lottery method. Subjects were selected by purposive sampling technique. Self-introduction was given to the subjects. Rapport was developed with subjects. Nature and purpose of the study was explained to the subjects. Subjects were assured about the confidentiality of their responses and informed written consent was taken prior to the data collection. Subjects in the experimental and comparison group were administered low molecular weight heparin injection subcutaneously by the researcher itself. After administration of subcutaneous injection of low molecular weight heparin, dry cold application using ice bag (Crushed ice was filled in ice bag with ½ table spoon of salt and then covered by clean linen to prevent moisture) was placed over the injection site for about 20 minutes in experimental group and no intervention was given in comparison group. Pain was assessed using numerical pain rating scale after 20 minutes of subcutaneous injection in both the groups (experimental and comparison). At 12 hr, 48 hr and 72 hr after the subcutaneous injection, bruise was assessed in both the groups using bruise assessment scale.

Enrollment: 60 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 75 years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

admitted in medical intensive care unit between the age group of 18-75 yrs willing for participation in the study receiving subcutaneous injection

Exclusion criteria

having altered sensorium suffering from any skin disease at injection site

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Non-Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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60 participants in 2 patient groups

Experimental group

Experimental group

Description:

30 patients were selected in experimental group. Dry cold was applied to the subcutaneous injection site using ice bag filled with crushed ice with half table spoon of salt for 20 minutes after the administration of injection.Pain intensity was measured using numeric pain rating scale immediately after dry cold application and bruise size was assessed using bruise assessment scale after 12, 48 and 72 hrs of injection administration.

Treatment:

Other: sub cutaneous injection (low molecular weight heparin)

Other: Dry cold application

Comparison group

No Intervention group

Description:

No intervention was given. Pain intensity was measured using numeric pain rating after 20 minutes of subcutaneous injection and bruise size was assessed using bruise assessment scale after 12, 48 and 72 hrs of injection administration.