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Effectiveness of Improving Diagnostic and Communication Skills on Antibiotic Prescribing Appropriateness in Acute Cough (ISAAC-CAT)

F

Fundacio d'Investigacio en Atencio Primaria Jordi Gol i Gurina

Status

Unknown

Conditions

Cough
Respiratory Tract Infections

Treatments

Procedure: Communication skill enhancement
Diagnostic Test: C-reactive protein rapid testing

Study type

Interventional

Funder types

Other

Identifiers

NCT03931577
P18/227

Details and patient eligibility

About

Despite their marginal benefit, about 60% of uncomplicated acute lower respiratory infections (ALRTI) are currently treated with antibiotics. Several strategies have been developed to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing, with the use of point-of-care C-reactive protein (CRP) testing and the improvement of the communication skills being the most effective interventions, but most of the studies have been carried out outside Mediterranean countries. This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of a disease-focused intervention (CRP) and an illness-focused intervention (improvement of communication skills to optimise doctor-patient consultations and share-decision making with the aid of patient-centred leaflets) on antibiotic prescribing for patients with ALRTIs in Catalan primary care by means of a cluster, randomised, factorial, controlled trial. Primary care centres will be assigned to four trial arms: usual care, use of CRP testing, enhanced communication skills backed up with leaflets, or combined interventions. The main outcome will be antibiotic use within the first 6 weeks and the quality adjusted life years. A pharmacoeconomic analysis of the impact of these interventions will be assessed.

Full description

Background: Most antibiotics are prescribed in primary care, and most commonly for acute lower respiratory infections (ALRTI). Despite their marginal benefit, about 60% of these infections are currently treated with antibiotics in Catalonia, Spain. Several strategies have been developed to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing, with the use of C-reactive protein (CRP) rapid testing and the improvement of the communication skills being the most effective interventions. However, most studies have been carried out outside Mediterranean countries. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and the efficiency of a continuous disease-focused intervention (CRP) and an illness-focused intervention (enhancement of communication skills to optimise doctor-patient consultations and share decision making with the aid of patient-centred leaflets) on antibiotic prescribing in patients with ALRTIs in Catalan primary care centres.

Methods/design: A cluster, randomised, factorial, controlled trial aimed at including 20 primary care centres (n=2,940 patients) with patients older than 18 years presenting for a first consultation with ALRTI, therefore with presence of infected acute cough of up to 3 weeks' duration as the predominant symptom. Centres, according to socioeconomic and antibiotic consumption, will be randomly assigned according to hierarchical clustering to any of four trial arms: usual care, CRP testing, enhanced communication skills backed up with patient leaflets, or combined interventions. A cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis will be performed from the perspective of public health system. A qualitative study aimed at identifying the expectations and concerns in patients with ALRTIs and the satisfaction of clinicians with the different interventions will also be performed. Clinicians assigned to the interventions will participate in a 2-hour training workshop before the inception of the trial and will receive a monthly intervention-tailored training module during the trial. Clinical effectiveness will be measured by the antibiotic use within the first 6 weeks and the quality adjusted life years and secondary outcomes will be duration of illness and severity of cough measured with a symptom diary, healthcare reconsultations, hospital admissions and complications. National health care perspective will be adopted and the temporal horizon of the analysis will be one year. Health care costs will be considered and expressed in € of the current year of the analysis. Univariate and multivariate sensitivity analysis will be carried out.

Discussion: The ISAAC-CAT project aims to improve the management of ALRTIs in primary care through use of two different clinicians' skills to help target antibiotic prescribing only to those most likely to benefit, and thereby reduce the risk of unnecessary exposure to antibiotics leading to adverse effects and/or the development of AMR without having a negative impact on health status, thus benefiting individual patients and society at large. This project will contribute to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of different strategies for more appropriate antibiotic prescribing that are currently out of the scope of the actual guidelines.

Enrollment

2,940 estimated patients

Sex

All

Ages

18+ years old

Volunteers

No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

  • age equal or older than 18 years
  • first consultation for acute cough (new cough or worsening of a previous cough) as the predominant symptom
  • of up to 3 weeks' duration
  • which the clinician believes to be an infectious acute lower respiratory tract infection

Exclusion criteria

  • a working diagnosis of a non-infective disorder, such as heart failure, pulmonary embolus, oesophageal reflux, or allergy
  • use of antibiotics in the previous two weeks
  • immunological deficiencies, and/or
  • inability to provide informed consent or unable to follow the study procedures

Trial design

Primary purpose

Treatment

Allocation

Randomized

Interventional model

Factorial Assignment

Masking

None (Open label)

2,940 participants in 4 patient groups

C-reactive protein rapid testing
Experimental group
Description:
Continuous (workshop and monthly web-based training) disease-focused intervention with the use of C-reactive protein rapid testing.
Treatment:
Diagnostic Test: C-reactive protein rapid testing
Enhancement of communication skills
Experimental group
Description:
Continuous (on-site and monthly online training) illness-focused intervention with enhancement of communication skills to optimise doctor-patient consultations and share decision making with the aid of patient-centred leaflets.
Treatment:
Procedure: Communication skill enhancement
C-reactive protein + communication skills
Experimental group
Description:
Continuous (workshop and monthly web-based training) disease-focused intervention with C-reactive protein rapid testing and on-site and continuous (monthly online training illness-focused intervention) with enhancement of communication skills to optimise doctor-patient consultations and share decision making with the aid of patient-centred leaflets.
Treatment:
Diagnostic Test: C-reactive protein rapid testing
Procedure: Communication skill enhancement
Usual care
No Intervention group
Description:
Usual care.

Trial contacts and locations

1

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Central trial contact

Ana Garcia-Sangenis, MD; Ana Moragas, MD PhD

Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov

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