Effectiveness of Picture Exchange Communication System on Gingival Health of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Jordan University of Science and Technology

Status: Completed

Conditions: Autism Spectrum Disorder

Treatments: Behavioral: Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT03791385

20110011

Details and patient eligibility

About

The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is a communication system for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a PECS-based tooth-brushing program on gingival health in children with ASD and assess parents' perception of PECS. This was a prospective interventional study. Using PECS as a pictures/cards series showing a structured tooth-brushing method, 37 children with ASD (31 males, 6 females) (average age 9.49±4.10, 4-16 years) and their parents/caregivers were trained on tooth-brushing twice, two weeks apart. Data collected after examinations (baseline, 3, 6-months) included gingival and plaque indices (GI, PI) and two questionnaires (baseline, 6-months) for demographic data and parents' perception of PECS including: difficulty rating (easy, hard, very hard) and PECS usefulness.

Full description

The need for improved oral hygiene routines in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been documented in many reports. The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS), which is a series of pictures that show a structured method and technique for teeth brushing, was chosen for this study since it is a proven communication system for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD).

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of a PECS-based tooth-brushing program on gingival health in children with ASD and assess parents' perception of PECS.

This was a prospective interventional study. Using PECS as a pictures/cards series showing a structured tooth-brushing method, 37 children with ASD (31 males, 6 females) (average age 9.49±4.10, 4-16 years) and their parents/caregivers were trained on tooth-brushing twice, two weeks apart. The pictures were placed in the bathroom, at home and/or at the autism center. Data collected after examinations (baseline, 3, 6-months) included gingival and plaque indices (GI, PI) and two questionnaires (baseline, 6-months) for demographic data and parents' perception of PECS including: difficulty rating (easy, hard, very hard) and whether they found PECS useful in teaching their children how to brush their teeth (yes or no).

Enrollment: 37 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 4 to 18 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Children diagnosed with ASD.
• Age between 4 and 18 years old.

Exclusion criteria

• Children unable to cooperate for data collection (poor behavior during dental examination).

Trial design

Primary purpose: Supportive Care

Allocation: N/A

Interventional model: Single Group Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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37 participants in 1 patient group

Study subjects

Experimental group

Description:

Children with ASD and their parents/caregivers were trained on tooth-brushing twice, two weeks apart using Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) PECS as a pictures/cards series showing a structured tooth-brushing method.

Treatment:

Behavioral: Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)