Effects of Aerobic Combined With Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise in Smokers

Chulalongkorn University

Status: Completed

Conditions: Smoker Lung; Smoking Cessation

Treatments: Other: sedentary control (CON); Other: aerobic combined with diaphragmatic breathing exercise (EXDB); Other: aerobic exercise (EX)

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT05953987

EX PHYSIO SPSC 7

Details and patient eligibility

About

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of aerobic exercise combined with diaphragmatic breathing exercise on pulmonary function and smoking cessation among smokers.

Full description

Twenty-four smokers aged between 20 and 45 years were allocated into 3 groups: a sedentary control group (CON, n = 8), an aerobic exercise group (EX, n = 8), and an aerobic combined with diaphragmatic breathing exercise group (EXDB, n = 8). The general physiological characteristics, pulmonary function, and respiratory muscle strength values before and after 8 weeks were meas-ured. The Quit Smoking Questionnaire and urine cotinine were measured for either 30 days after the training.

Enrollment: 24 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 20 to 45 years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Eligible individuals included those who set the quit date within 7 days from the date of calling the TNQ. The participants have smoked more than or equal to 10 cigarettes per day for at least 1 year and had a body mass index of not more than 24.9 kg/m2. More-over, they were screened for the health risks of exercise by the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q). They must not have exercised for 30 minutes or more at least three times a week for the past six months.

Exclusion criteria

• This study excluded participants with a history of respiratory system diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, etc. and who were using nicotine replacement therapy.

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Single Blind

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24 participants in 3 patient groups

aerobic combined with diaphragmatic breathing exercise (EXDB)

Experimental group

Description:

The participant underwent diaphragmatic breathing exercises which were performed in a supine position, gradually in-creasing the weight by 2.5 kg in weeks 1-4 and further increasing to 5 kg in weeks 5-8. After completing the prescribed breathing exercises and taking a 60-second rest, participants proceeded to perform aerobic exercises, either by running on a treadmill or on a regular floor surface. Each training session began with a 5-minute warm-up comprising stretching exercises. In weeks 1-4, moderate intensity was maintained, targeting 40-50% of the heart rate reserve (HRR) for a duration of 60 minutes. From weeks 5-8, the intensity increased to the range of 51-60% of the heart rate reserve, and a 5-minute cool down was added.

Treatment:

Other: aerobic combined with diaphragmatic breathing exercise (EXDB)

aerobic exercise (EX)

Experimental group

Description:

The participant underwent aerobic exercises, either by running on a treadmill or on a regular floor surface. Each training session began with a 5-minute warm-up comprising stretching exercises. In weeks 1-4, moderate intensity was maintained, targeting 40-50% of the heart rate reserve (HRR) for a duration of 60 minutes. From weeks 5-8, the intensity increased to the range of 51-60% of the heart rate reserve, and a 5-minute cool down was added.

Treatment:

Other: aerobic exercise (EX)

sedentary control (CON)

Other group

Description:

The participant did not engage in the aerobic exercise training protocol or receive any form of supplementation during the study trial.

Treatment:

Other: sedentary control (CON)