Effects of Black Pepper on the Absorption of Nutrients in Vegetables

University of Massachusetts, Amherst

Status: Completed

Conditions: Black Pepper; Absorption; Carotenoid

Treatments: Other: salad dressing (canola oil); Other: Salad dressing (olive oil) and black pepper; Other: Salad dressing (flaxseed oil) and black pepper; Other: Salad dressing (sunflower oil) and black pepper; Other: black pepper; Other: salad; Other: salad dressing (canola oil) and black pepper; Other: Salad dressing (corn oil) and black pepper

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT03490955

2017-3973

Details and patient eligibility

About

The objective of this project is to determine the extent to which eating black pepper together with vegetables increase the absorption of carotenoids (a class of important nutrients) in the vegetables such as beta-carotene.

Full description

Black pepper has multiple health-promoting effects, many of which are associated with the relatively high levels of piperine it contains. Piperine can enhance the oral bioavailability of nutraceuticals in foods due to its inhibitory activity on drug metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P450 and p-glycoprotein in the gastrointestinal mucosa. This decreases the first-pass metabolism of nutraceuticals thus increasing their levels in the systemic circulation. Numerous studies in both animals and humans have validated the efficacy of piperine in boosting nutraceutical bioavailability. However, most of these studies utilized highly purified sources of both piperine and nutraceuticals, and therefore do not provide direct evidence on the ability of black pepper (used as a spice) to enhance the bioavailability of nutraceuticals in real foods.

Enrollment: 16 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 30 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• 18-30 year old healthy adults

Exclusion criteria

• those who are <18 or >30 years old, have a BMI of <20 or >29 kg/m2, have a weight change >4.5 kg (9.91 pounds) in the past 3 months, exceed exercise activities of a recreational level over the past 3 months, have any diseases, especially intestinal disorders including lipid malabsorption or lactose intolerance, had abnormal liver or kidney function tests.
• Those who smoke, consume more than two alcoholic drinks per day, use medication affecting lipid profiles or dietary supplements affecting plasma cholesterol (e.g., Benocol or fiber supplements) will also be excluded.
• Additionally, this study excludes menopausal women, those using hormone-based contraceptives, those with abnormal menstrual cycles, and those who are pregnant, lactating or planning to become pregnant.

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Crossover Assignment

Masking: Single Blind

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16 participants in 8 patient groups

Salad

Sham Comparator group

Description:

Subjects will consume a vegetable salad without dressing one time in the morning.

Treatment:

Other: salad

Salad dressing (canola oil)

Active Comparator group

Description:

Subjects will consume a vegetable salad with dressing (canola oil) one time in the morning

Treatment:

Other: salad dressing (canola oil)

black pepper

Active Comparator group

Description:

Subjects will consume a vegetable salad without dressing (canola oil) but with black pepper one time in the morning

Treatment:

Other: black pepper

Salad dressing (canola oil) and black pepper

Active Comparator group

Description:

Subjects will consume a vegetable salad with dressing (canola oil) and with black pepper one time in the morning

Treatment:

Other: salad dressing (canola oil) and black pepper

Salad dressing (olive oil) and black pepper

Active Comparator group

Description:

Subjects will consume a vegetable salad with dressing (olive oil) and with black pepper one time in the morning

Treatment:

Other: Salad dressing (olive oil) and black pepper

Salad dressing (corn oil) and black pepper

Active Comparator group

Description:

Subjects will consume a vegetable salad with dressing (corn oil) and with black pepper one time in the morning

Treatment:

Other: Salad dressing (corn oil) and black pepper

Salad dressing (sunflower oil) and black pepper

Active Comparator group

Description:

Subjects will consume a vegetable salad with dressing (sunflower oil) and with black pepper one time in the morning

Treatment:

Other: Salad dressing (sunflower oil) and black pepper

Salad dressing (flaxseed oil) and black pepper

Active Comparator group

Description:

Subjects will consume a vegetable salad with dressing (flaxseed oil) and with black pepper one time in the morning

Treatment:

Other: Salad dressing (flaxseed oil) and black pepper