ClinicalTrials.Veeva

Menu

Effects of Black Pepper on the Absorption of Nutrients in Vegetables

University of Massachusetts, Amherst logo

University of Massachusetts, Amherst

Status

Completed

Conditions

Black Pepper
Absorption
Carotenoid

Treatments

Other: salad dressing (canola oil)
Other: Salad dressing (olive oil) and black pepper
Other: Salad dressing (flaxseed oil) and black pepper
Other: Salad dressing (sunflower oil) and black pepper
Other: black pepper
Other: salad
Other: salad dressing (canola oil) and black pepper
Other: Salad dressing (corn oil) and black pepper

Study type

Interventional

Funder types

Other

Identifiers

NCT03490955
2017-3973

Details and patient eligibility

About

The objective of this project is to determine the extent to which eating black pepper together with vegetables increase the absorption of carotenoids (a class of important nutrients) in the vegetables such as beta-carotene.

Full description

Black pepper has multiple health-promoting effects, many of which are associated with the relatively high levels of piperine it contains. Piperine can enhance the oral bioavailability of nutraceuticals in foods due to its inhibitory activity on drug metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P450 and p-glycoprotein in the gastrointestinal mucosa. This decreases the first-pass metabolism of nutraceuticals thus increasing their levels in the systemic circulation. Numerous studies in both animals and humans have validated the efficacy of piperine in boosting nutraceutical bioavailability. However, most of these studies utilized highly purified sources of both piperine and nutraceuticals, and therefore do not provide direct evidence on the ability of black pepper (used as a spice) to enhance the bioavailability of nutraceuticals in real foods.

Enrollment

16 patients

Sex

All

Ages

18 to 30 years old

Volunteers

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

  • 18-30 year old healthy adults

Exclusion criteria

  • those who are <18 or >30 years old, have a BMI of <20 or >29 kg/m2, have a weight change >4.5 kg (9.91 pounds) in the past 3 months, exceed exercise activities of a recreational level over the past 3 months, have any diseases, especially intestinal disorders including lipid malabsorption or lactose intolerance, had abnormal liver or kidney function tests.
  • Those who smoke, consume more than two alcoholic drinks per day, use medication affecting lipid profiles or dietary supplements affecting plasma cholesterol (e.g., Benocol or fiber supplements) will also be excluded.
  • Additionally, this study excludes menopausal women, those using hormone-based contraceptives, those with abnormal menstrual cycles, and those who are pregnant, lactating or planning to become pregnant.

Trial design

Primary purpose

Treatment

Allocation

Randomized

Interventional model

Crossover Assignment

Masking

Single Blind

16 participants in 8 patient groups

Salad
Sham Comparator group
Description:
Subjects will consume a vegetable salad without dressing one time in the morning.
Treatment:
Other: salad
Salad dressing (canola oil)
Active Comparator group
Description:
Subjects will consume a vegetable salad with dressing (canola oil) one time in the morning
Treatment:
Other: salad dressing (canola oil)
black pepper
Active Comparator group
Description:
Subjects will consume a vegetable salad without dressing (canola oil) but with black pepper one time in the morning
Treatment:
Other: black pepper
Salad dressing (canola oil) and black pepper
Active Comparator group
Description:
Subjects will consume a vegetable salad with dressing (canola oil) and with black pepper one time in the morning
Treatment:
Other: salad dressing (canola oil) and black pepper
Salad dressing (olive oil) and black pepper
Active Comparator group
Description:
Subjects will consume a vegetable salad with dressing (olive oil) and with black pepper one time in the morning
Treatment:
Other: Salad dressing (olive oil) and black pepper
Salad dressing (corn oil) and black pepper
Active Comparator group
Description:
Subjects will consume a vegetable salad with dressing (corn oil) and with black pepper one time in the morning
Treatment:
Other: Salad dressing (corn oil) and black pepper
Salad dressing (sunflower oil) and black pepper
Active Comparator group
Description:
Subjects will consume a vegetable salad with dressing (sunflower oil) and with black pepper one time in the morning
Treatment:
Other: Salad dressing (sunflower oil) and black pepper
Salad dressing (flaxseed oil) and black pepper
Active Comparator group
Description:
Subjects will consume a vegetable salad with dressing (flaxseed oil) and with black pepper one time in the morning
Treatment:
Other: Salad dressing (flaxseed oil) and black pepper

Trial contacts and locations

1

Loading...

Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov

Clinical trials

Find clinical trialsTrials by location
© Copyright 2025 Veeva Systems