Effects of Lavender Aromatherapy and Cold Application on Pain During Drain Removal

Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University

Status: Completed

Conditions: Major Abdominal Surgery

Treatments: Other: lavender oil inhalation; Other: oxygen administration; Other: cold application

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT04798040

20012021-2/IV

Details and patient eligibility

About

This study evaluates the effect of lavender aromatherapy and cold application on pain during drain removal. The investigators hypothesize that there is no difference in pain prevention between lavender oil inhalation and local cold application.

Full description

It is common practice to place a drainage tube in the peritoneal cavity after abdominal surgery. Although drain application is an important initiative, the severe pain caused during the removal process should also be controlled . Pain and discomfort continue to be a problem during the removal of surgical silicone drains. In the literature, patients describe silicone drain removal as a very painful procedure. Analgesics applied during drain removal are among the commonly used methods in the treatment of acute pain . However, the fact that the response of the patient to pharmacological treatment is variable and the pain cannot be completely controlled with these agents necessitates the use of non-pharmacological methods in addition to pharmacological agents in the control of severe pain.

One of the non-pharmacological methods used in pain control is cold application. Cold application reduces the oxygen and nutrient requirement of tissues by slowing down metabolism, and eliminates pressure and tension on nerve endings by limiting inflammation, spasm and edema; It creates an analgesic effect by slowing or blocking the conduction velocity of peripheral nerves. In addition, it increases the release of endogenous opioids by stimulating the touch receptors with the gate-control mechanism, thereby reducing pain.

Aromatherapy using essential oils is now used by many healthcare professionals in the UK, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Germany and Switzerland as a part of patient care to reduce pain and stress. When the effects of essential oils used for this purpose are examined; It is seen that it accelerates blood and lymph circulation, relieves muscle spasm and has calming effects. It is reported that these effects of essential oils are both absorbed from the skin and stimulated the sense of smell. In the literature, it is emphasized that some known or unknown analgesic components in oils affect the release of substances such as dopamine, endorphin, noradrenaline and serotonin in the brain stem, and that they have analgesic properties that are said to be formed as a result.

The physiological and psychological effects of aromatherapy have long been known in complementary medicine. Lavender oil has been associated with its mood enhancing and analgesic properties in healthy subjects and experimental nociception. This therapy has been successfully used in clinical settings to alleviate a wide variety of pain, such as dressing change in the intensive care unit, palliative care, for the control of labor pain, and chronic pain. There are numerous studies describing the use of this therapy to relieve anxiety and improve mood. Limited studies have shown that aromatherapy is beneficial for women who give birth and reduces the need for pain medication.

Considering the potential positive effect of lavender oil on the physiological and psychological state of the patient and the positive effect of cold application on the pain mechanism, our study was planned to determine the effectiveness of lavender aromatherapy and cold application in controlling the pain that occurs during the drain removal process.

Enrollment: 121 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 80 years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Between the ages of 18-80,
• Being conscious, oriented and cooperative,
• Can speak and understand Turkish,
• After the surgery with silicone drains
• General condition stable,
• Patients who received written and verbal consent to participate in the study will be included.

Exclusion criteria

• Patients with asthma, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Patients with contact dermatitis against cosmetic fragrances
• Patients who are pregnant
• Patients with poor general condition
• Oriented, non-cooperative patients
• Patients whose consent is not taken will be excluded

Trial design

Primary purpose: Prevention

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: None (Open label)

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121 participants in 4 patient groups

Control group

No Intervention group

Description:

Routine treatment and nursing care of the clinic will be applied to the patients without any application. Routine interventions applied to the control group during silicone drain removal in the clinic: 1. The patient will be informed about the procedure. 2. The consent of the patient who agrees to participate in the study will be obtained. 3. The patient will mark the pain he feels due to the silicone drain on the Numeric Rating Scale . 4. The patient will mark the pain again from the Numeric Rating Scale immediately after the procedure. 5. The patient will fill the Numeric Rating Scale 15 minutes after the removal of the silicone drain.

Cold application group

Experimental group

Description:

The patient will mark the pain he feels due to the silicone drain on the Numeric Rating Scale. A gel pad with a temperature of -10 ° C and a homogeneous distribution when cooled will be placed so that the patient is in full contact with the silicone drain.Since the skin temperature must fall below 13.6 ° C for cold application to have a local analgesic effect, the application will be terminated when the patient's skin temperature is 13.6 ° C by measuring every one minute during the cold application and the physician will be informed that the patient is ready.The patient will mark the pain again from the Numeric Rating Scale immediately after the procedure. The patient will fill the Numeric Rating Scale15 minutes after the removal of the silicone drain.

Treatment:

Other: cold application

Lavender oil group

Experimental group

Description:

All patients who accept the study will be tested for lavender oil before the procedure to exclude sensitivity to lavender. Patients in the lavender group will be given oxygen with a lavender oil covered face mask 15 minutes before the silicone drain is removed. Two drops of 2% lavender oil will be applied with a cotton swab inside the oxygen face mask. The patient will mark the pain he feels due to the silicone drain on the Numeric Rating Scale.The patient will mark the pain again from the Numeric Rating Scale immediately after the procedure.The patient will fill the Numeric Rating Scale 15 minutes after the removal of the silicone drain.

Treatment:

Other: lavender oil inhalation

Oxygen administration

Experimental group

Description:

The patient will be informed about the procedure. Consent of the patient who agrees to participate in the study will be obtained. Patients in the oxygen administration group will be given 2 lt/min oxygen with a face mask 15 minutes before the silicone drain is removed. The patient will mark the pain he feels due to the silicone drain on Numeric Rating Scale. The patient will re-mark the pain from Numeric Rating Scale immediately after the procedure. The patient will fill the Numeric Rating Scale 15 minutes after the removal of the silicone drain. Before the procedure, as soon as the procedure is over and 15 minutes after the procedure, the patient's vital signs will be measured.

Treatment:

Other: oxygen administration