Effects of Learning and Food Form on Intake in Humans

Purdue University

Status: Completed

Conditions: Obesity

Treatments: Behavioral: Energy dilute beverages; Behavioral: Metabolic effects of consuming energy dense beverages; Behavioral: energy dense solid food; Behavioral: Energy dilute solid food

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT01490034

R01DK079913-3

R01DK079913 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Details and patient eligibility

About

Due to the rising incidence of obesity, much emphasis has been placed on identifying mechanisms of increased energy intake. At this point, the mechanisms responsible for the recent increase in obesity prevalence have not been thoroughly examined. Pre-ingestive influences, such as cognitive factors, may play a larger role in creating an energy surplus than previously thought. Expectations about the satiating effect of a food may override the post-ingestive influences in dictating further consumption. In addition, obese individuals may exhibit a decreased compensatory response to foods as compared to lean individuals.

Understanding the effects of energy content, food form, and learning on satiation, satiety, and energy intake will allow for a greater understanding of the mechanisms of energy imbalance as a whole. Food choice is dictated by sensory properties and post-ingestive effects. By utilizing foods with similar sensory properties, the acquired knowledge derived from ingesting these foods can be monitored by analyzing subsequent intake at the same meal and at subsequent eating occurrences. It is hypothesized that the liquid food form will elicit weaker dietary compensation; that is, energy intake at other eating events will not be adjusted to compensate for that food. In addition, it is posited that the lower energy food will cause lower compensation postprandially. By having participants consume the same test food daily over a two week learning period, it is thought that they will show improved dietary compensation when the initial testing is repeated due to learned associations between food properties and metabolism.

Full description

No expansion provided.

Enrollment: 120 estimated patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 50 years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

• Weight stable (<3 kg weight change within last 3 months)
• Constant habitual activity patterns (no deviation > 1x/wk at 30 min/session within last 3 months)
• Constant habitual diet patterns within last 3 months
• Willingness to eat a chocolate-flavored snack at test sessions and two week training period
• No allergies to any test foods
• Not planning to change use of medications known to influence appetite or metabolism
• Not diabetic
• No history of GI pathology
• Non-smoker for one year or more

Exclusion Criteria:

Trial design

Primary purpose: Basic Science

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Single Blind

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120 participants in 4 patient groups

Energy dense beverage

Experimental group

Description:

Metabolic effects of consuming energy dense beverages before and after regular consumption

Treatment:

Behavioral: Metabolic effects of consuming energy dense beverages

Energy dense solid food form

Experimental group

Description:

Metabolic effects of consuming energy dense solid foods before and after regular exposure.

Treatment:

Behavioral: energy dense solid food

Eenergy dilute beverages

Experimental group

Description:

Metabolic effects of consumption of energy dilute beverages on a regular basis.

Treatment:

Behavioral: Energy dilute beverages

Energy dilute solid food form

Experimental group

Description:

Metabolic effects of consuming energy dilute sold foods before and after regular exposure.

Treatment:

Behavioral: Energy dilute solid food