Effects of Music and Stress Ball Application on Patients During Cataract Surgery

Akdeniz University

Status: Completed

Conditions: Cataract; Nursing Caries

Treatments: Behavioral: Stress ball; Behavioral: Music intervention

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT06555770

2490Akdeniz

Details and patient eligibility

About

Cataract is one of the leading causes of preventable blindness in the world and in Türkiye. Cataract surgery is one of the most frequently performed and most reliable surgeries for eye diseases. Advances in anesthesia and surgical techniques make it possible for most cataract surgery procedures to be performed under topical anesthetic.

Full description

This success greatly reduces the duration of surgery, and the side effects associated with local or general anesthesia. However, despite the sedation that can be administered before and during surgery (e.g. benzodiazepines and opioids), patients can experience significant anxiety along with a certain degree of pain and discomfort during surgery. Anxiety causes stress that causes the cardiovascular system to respond by activating the sympathetic nervous system, which causes an increase in heart rate and blood pressure (BP) levels. These mechanisms can complicate the surgical procedure due to increased intraocular pressure. Hypertension and tachycardia above 85 discharges per minute represent an increased risk of orbital bleeding during local anesthetic injection and potential perioperative supracoroidal expulsive bleeding. The sequence and pre-operative music intervention is to be an inexpensive, easy-to-implement technique that has no side effects, has no significant beneficial effects on the anxiety of patients in different surgical populations. Also, music intervention allows for better patient co-operation during surgery under topical anesthesia and a drop in intraoperative blood pressure. Another method that is effective in reducing anxiety and pain is the stress ball. The stress ball is usually a soft toy that is not greater than 7 cm, gets stuck, relieving stress and muscle tension, or manipulated with fingers for exercising the muscles. One of the methods of distracting attention, the stress ball is an effective way of ensuring cognitive focus. The stress ball method has been used to reduce patients' anxiety and pain. Stretching the stress ball during surgery increases the feeling of strength, allowing patients to have direct control over the object. In this way, surgical intervention has a positive effect on anxiety and patient satisfaction without intervention. While the literature includes studies involving the combination of stress ball use and music intervention on surgical patients, there is no research involving combined use of music and stress ball application in cataract surgery in a single study. The investigators work therefore contributes to literature.

Enrollment: 240 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18+ years old

Volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Being 18 years of age or older
• Not having any hearing or perception problems,
• Absence of any condition preventing the use of a stress ball (e.g. Parkinson's disease, arthritis, fractures),
• Having undergone cataract surgery for the first time,
• Being willing to participate in the research.

Exclusion criteria

• Any use of any analgesic or anxiolytic within 24 hours prior to surgery,
• Transition from topical to general anesthesia during surgery,
• Uncontrolled hypertension

Trial design

Primary purpose: Prevention

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Single Blind

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240 participants in 3 patient groups

Stress ball

Experimental group

Description:

Pain will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) immediately after surgery and approximately 10 minutes after transfer to the ward. State anxiety will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A) preoperatively, immediately after surgery while the patient remains on the operating table, and approximately 10 minutes after transfer to the ward. Trait anxiety will be assessed once preoperatively using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-II). Patients assigned to the stress ball group will be instructed to squeeze the stress ball with both hands, count to five while squeezing, and repeat the exercise. The stress ball will be used for 15 minutes during cataract surgery. Patients will be reminded during the procedure to continue the intervention as instructed.

Treatment:

Behavioral: Stress ball

Music intervention

Experimental group

Description:

Pain will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) immediately after surgery and approximately 10 minutes after transfer to the ward. State anxiety will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A) preoperatively, immediately after surgery while the patient remains on the operating table, and approximately 10 minutes after transfer to the ward. Trait anxiety will be assessed once preoperatively using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-II). According to the randomization, patients assigned to the music intervention group will be asked to select their preferred music from a prepared playlist. The playlist will include 50 tracks representing pop music, Turkish classical music, regional folk music, instrumental music, and religious music. The selected music will be played for 15 minutes during cataract surgery.

Treatment:

Behavioral: Music intervention

Control

No Intervention group

Description:

Pain levels will be tested with VAS 10 minutes before the surgery, and anxiety levels with the VAS-A and Spielberg Continuous Anxiety Scale. The patient in the control group will not be given any intervention.