Efficacy and Safety of Low-dose Laser Acupuncture on Treating Insomnia Associated With Major Depressive Disorder

Mohammad Farris Iman Leong Bin Abdullah

Status: Not yet enrolling

Conditions: Major Depressive Disorder; Insomnia

Treatments: Device: Low-Dose Laser Acupuncture (LLA); Device: Sham Laser Acupuncture (SLA)

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT06443242

XYEFYLL-(Research)-2024-36

Details and patient eligibility

About

The goal of this randomized controlled trial is to assess the efficacy and safety of low-dose laser acupuncture (LLA) in alleviating insomnia symptoms among patients suffering from major depressive disorder.

The study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. How effective is LLA in alleviating insomnia symptoms as compare with SLA and control subjects among patients with major depressive disorder across pre-treatment, mid-treatment and post-treatment assessment?
2. How effective is LLA in alleviating depression symptoms as compare with SLA and control subjects among patients with major depressive disorder across pre-treatment, post-treatment and follow-up assessment?
3. What role do CORT and 5-HT play in the co-occurrence and progression of insomnia and major depressive disorder, and how does LLA act on these mechanisms to provide relief?
4. How does the safety and acceptability of LLA compare to traditional acupuncture in terms of eliminating discomfort and potential side effects? Researchers will compare the effects of LLA with sham laser acupuncture (SLA) and standard medication treatments to evaluate its efficacy and safety.

Participants involved in this study will:

Undergo 30 treatment sessions with LLA or SLA, five times a week for six weeks. Continue their usual pharmacological treatments for major depressive disorder. Participants will undergo comprehensive assessments at key points: pre-treatment, immediately post-treatment, and 12 weeks post-treatment. These evaluations will measure sleep quality and severity of insomnia indices, levels of depression and anxiety, and blood levels of CORT and 5-HT to assess the impact of LLA on insomnia symptoms and biochemical markers. Additionally, participant acceptance and the safety of the treatment will be monitored, including recording any adverse events and medication usage, to determine the effectiveness and safety of LLA in treating insomnia associated with major depressive disorder.

By focusing on these elements, the study aims to provide clear, actionable insights into the benefits and risks of LLA as a treatment option for insomnia associated with major depressive disorder, enhancing the current treatment landscape and patient outcomes.

Full description

This randomised controlled trial aims to explore the therapeutic potential of low-dose laser acupuncture (LLA) for treating insomnia in patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder. The study will investigate the physiological and psychological impacts of LLA in comparison with sham laser acupuncture (SLA) and standard pharmacological therapies.

Intervention Details:

LLA involves the application of a low-level laser to specific acupoints known to affect sleep and mood regulation. The technique mimics traditional acupuncture but uses laser light to stimulate these points without physical penetration of the skin, offering a non-invasive alternative with potentially fewer adverse effects. The primary acupoints targeted in this study include Baihui (GV20), Yintang (GV29), Anmian (EX-HN22), Shenmen (HT7), Neiguan (PC6), Sanyinjiao (SP6), and Taichong (LR3).

Study Phases:

The study will be structured into three key phases: pre-treatment, immediately post-treatment, and 12 weeks post-treatment. During the pre-treatment phase, baseline evaluations will be conducted to establish initial levels of insomnia and depressive symptoms in participants. The treatment phase will follow, lasting six weeks, with participants receiving five sessions per week. Subsequent assessments will occur immediately post-treatment to evaluate the immediate effects of the interventions, and again at 12 weeks post-treatment to assess the long-term outcomes.

Research Focus:

The study will particularly focus on the effectiveness of LLA in improving sleep quality as measured by validated scales and objective assessments like actigraphy, which monitors sleep-wake patterns. Additionally, the research will assess changes in psychological state and biochemical markers, which are critical in understanding the interaction between sleep disorders and depression. These measures will help ascertain whether LLA can alter the physiological pathways typically disrupted in major depressive disorder, potentially offering a new avenue for treatment that could complement or reduce the need for pharmacological intervention.

Innovation and Potential Impact:

By integrating a novel, non-invasive method such as LLA, the study could significantly impact the treatment strategies for insomnia in the context of major depressive disorder. This approach not only aims to reduce symptoms but also to enhance overall treatment tolerance and patient adherence, addressing key challenges in managing these interlinked conditions.

Enrollment: 120 estimated patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18 to 60 years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

1. Inpatients with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (diagnosed according to the relevant diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-V).
2. Male or female, 18 to 60 years of age.
3. Participants complaining of insomnia at initial screening.
4. PSQI score over 7.
5. HAMD score between 20 and 35.
6. No use of hypnotic medication or acupuncture treatment within the last month.
7. No cognitive or communication disorders.
8. Willingness to accept random group assignment and sign an informed consent form.
9. Those who have been on stable dose of antidepressant for at least the most recent two weeks and willing to maintain on the same dosage throughout the study.

Exclusion criteria

1. Individuals with a marked tendency towards suicide, as assessed by a specialist;
2. Individuals previously diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or other psychiatric disorders;
3. Individuals with severe alcohol or drug abuse issues;
4. Individuals with liver or kidney dysfunction, or with uncontrollable tumors or significant cerebrovascular diseases;
5. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding;
6. Individuals likely to have poor compliance or who are fearful of acupuncture treatment.

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Quadruple Blind

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120 participants in 3 patient groups

Low-Dose Laser Acupuncture (LLA) Group

Experimental group

Description:

In the Low-Dose Laser Acupuncture (LLA) group, participants receive treatments using the xS-998D06 semiconductor laser acupoint therapeutic device from Nanjing Xiaosong Medical Instruments. This device operates at a wavelength of 780 nm and an output power of 5 mW. Each 20-minute session involves securing the device's probe to specific acupoints (Baihui, Yintang, Anmian, Shenmen, Neiguan, Sanyinjiao, and Taichong) using medical tape. Treatments occur daily for 5 consecutive days each week, with a two-day break, over a 6-week period. All participants, regardless of group assignment, will maintain their regular antidepressant regimen (patients with only one type of antidepressant, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor \[SSRI\] or serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor \[SNRI\] or mirtazapine).

Treatment:

Device: Low-Dose Laser Acupuncture (LLA)

Sham Laser Acupuncture (SLA) Group

Sham Comparator group

Description:

Participants in the Sham Laser Acupuncture (SLA) group undergo a sham treatment involving the same procedure and acupoint targeting as the LLA group. The difference lies in the instrument probe being fixed to the acupoint but emitting a dummy laser, simulating the acupuncture experience without actual laser emission. All participants, regardless of group assignment, will maintain their regular antidepressant regimen (patients with only one type of antidepressant, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor \[SSRI\] or serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor \[SNRI\] or mirtazapine).

Treatment:

Device: Sham Laser Acupuncture (SLA)

Control Group

No Intervention group

Description:

The control group, which serves as a non-intervention comparison, will continue their standard treatment regimen (patients with only one type of antidepressant, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor \[SSRI\] or serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor \[SNRI\] or mirtazapine).