Efficacy of Rituximab For the Treatment of Calcineurin Inhibitors Dependent Nephrotic Syndrome During Childhood (NEPHRUTIX)

University of Limoges (UL)

Status and phase: Completed; Phase 3; Phase 2

Conditions: Childhood Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome

Treatments: Drug: Placebo; Drug: Rituximab

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other; Industry

Identifiers

NCT01268033

I08013

Details and patient eligibility

About

Background

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is a rare disease beginning during childhood and treated with immunosuppressants (i.e. steroids, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine).

Renal function of patients suffering from severe, steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome with failure or toxic side effects of other immunosuppressant treatments is a major matter of concern.

Cyclosporine endangers renal parenchyma (fibrosis) in these patients who must take this treatment for years. At the same time, low doses of cyclosporine allow proteinuria to reappear, which provokes degradation of renal function by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Some recent data lead to the conclusion that Rituximab may be effective in such a disease, with a cyclosporin sparing effect.

Purpose

The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of Rituximab versus placebo in the treatment of pediatric patients suffering from severe cyclosporine-dependent nephrotic syndrome.

Abstract Patients will be included in the study in a period of remission of proteinuria. Two infusions of Rituximab - at the dose of 375 mg/m²- or placebo will be administered at one week of interval. Other immunosuppressant treatments will be gradually tapered off with the same tapering pattern in both groups. In case of relapse of nephrotic syndrome, the blinding code will be broken. Rituximab will then be infused to patients having received placebo.

Full description

After infusions of Rituximab or placebo, patients will be examined by their nephrologist on a monthly basis during five months. Follow up will be focused on proteinuria, albuminemia, lymphocyte phenotyping and Rituximab pharmacokinetics

Enrollment: 26 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 2 to 18 years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Male or Female patients over 2 and under 18 years, with an idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS)
• Steroid Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome (according to the French pediatric protocol).

NEPHRUTIX

• Calcineurin inhibitor Dependent NS or NS for which anticalcineurin treatment has not been effective. Others immunosuppressive treatments (MMF) must have failed to control the disease activity.
• Effective contraception for girls of childbearing age.
• The patient is able to understand and has signed a written informed consent OR the parent or legal guardian is able to understand and has signed a written informed consent, which must be obtained prior to the initiation of any study procedure

Exclusion criteria

• Terminal renal failure requiring dialysis/transplantation
• Transcutaneous oxygen stauration < 97%
• Clinical or Radiological brochopulmonar or pleural abnormality
• Asymptomatic carrier of Hepatitis B virus our history of Hepatitis B
• Contraindication to Rituximab (RTX)
• Parents/patient refusing to participate in the study

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Double Blind

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26 participants in 2 patient groups, including a placebo group

Rituximab

Experimental group

Description:

two infusions of Rituximab - at the dose of 375 mg/m²

Treatment:

Drug: Rituximab

placebo

Placebo Comparator group

Description:

two infusions of placebo

Treatment:

Drug: Placebo