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Introduction: The large reservoir of tuberculosis infections is a key driver of sustained tuberculosis (TB) incidence. Accurate diagnostic tests are crucial to correctly identify and treat people with TB infection, which is vital to eliminate TB globally. The Cy-TB skin test and STANDARD F TB-Feron FIA (TB-Feron) fluorescent immunoassay are two newly developed TB infection tests, which could offer quality and cost advantages over other commercially available TB infection tests, especially the standard TST test. Both tests have a higher sensitivity and specificity than the currently most used tuberculin skin test. The proposed study aims to evaluate the performance of these two tests for the diagnosis of TB infection, compared with the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) assay.
Methods and analysis: This diagnostic accuracy study will employ a cross-sectional, observational design that aims to assess the accuracy of the Cy-TB and TB-Feron tests for diagnosing TB infection, using the QFT-Plus assay as the reference standard. The sensitivity and specificity will be reported. Three different cohorts of study participants will be recruited: Adults with microbiologically-confirmed pulmonary TB (n=100); Household contacts* of people with TB (n=200) and negative controls** (n=50). All participants will be examined with Cy-TB, TB-Feron, and QFT-Plus.
*Household contacts: of a person with TB are defined as members who live under the same roof as the person with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) or who meet the following conditions:
Sleeping under the same roof or sharing a kitchen space as PTB-affected persons at least one night/week for three months before the person was diagnosed with PTB
Staying under the same roof with PTB-affected persons for at least one hour/day and continuously five days/week for three months before the person was diagnosed with PTB
Full description
Latent TB infection, hereafter referred to as TB infection, continues to be a significant driver of the global TB burden. A recent re-estimation using mathematical modeling demonstrated that to end TB by 2050, at least one-quarter of the global population living with TB infection would require TB preventive therapy (TPT).
The Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRA) are the two preferred diagnostic methods for detecting TB infection. TST utilizes Tuberculin PPD RT 23 intradermally, which is low-cost and can easily be performed in the field. TST is currently the most frequently used TB infection test in Vietnam. However, TST has a low sensitivity and specificity, particularly in people who have had the BCG vaccine or are immunocompromised. IGRAs are more costly and more technically complex, requiring blood to be processed within a limited time-frame in a laboratory. Neither method is ideal for the detection of TB infection during community TB screening and contact investigations. Therefore, there is a need for a simple, affordable, and accurate diagnostic test for TB infection, to scale up TPT in Vietnam and globally.
Cy-TB (Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Pune, India) is a Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) antigen-based skin test, representing a new class of skin tests that were recommended by the World Health Organization in 2022. Cy-TB's MTB-specific antigens (ESAT6 and CFP10) are injected intradermally and provide results after 48-72 hours, similar to TST. The literature indicates that Cy-TB has a similar sensitivity and specificity to QuantiFERON TB Gold Plus.
Simplified versions of IGRAs are emerging, including TB-Feron (SD BIOSENSOR, INC, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea). TB-Feron testing requires less manual handling than other IGRAs and testing takes only 15 minutes to complete after the specimen has been incubated for 16-24 hours. A recent clinical trial comparing the sensitivity and specificity of the TB-Feron against QIAreach QuantiFERON-TB (QIAGEN, Venlo, The Netherlands) showed that the TB-Feron has high accuracy in TB infection diagnosis (the sensitivity was 88.89% and specificity was 92.5%). There are currently no published evaluations comparing the performance of Cy-TB and TB-Feron to QFT-Plus in the literature.
Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the Cy-TB and TB-Feron testing for the diagnosis of TB infection.
Aims
Objective 2: To evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of the Cy-TB test and TB-Feron tests compared to the QFT-Plus assay for the diagnosis of TB infections.
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All participants:
Group 1:
*To reduce the false positive rate of molecular diagnostic assays for M. tuberculosis
Group 2:
Group 3:
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All participants:
Groups 2 &3:
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Interventional model
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350 participants in 3 patient groups
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Central trial contact
Han Nguyen, MD
Data sourced from clinicaltrials.gov
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