Evaluation Study of RDTs Detecting Antibodies Against HCV

Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND)

Status: Completed

Conditions: Hepatitis C

Treatments: Diagnostic Test: 13 Rapid Diagnostic Tests and reference tests

Study type: Observational

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT04033887

8162-2/1

Details and patient eligibility

About

The study aims to evaluate 13 different HCV RDTs (10 on-market, 3 under development) for their diagnostic performance and operational characteristics in archived EDTA plasma samples, originating from patients from different geographical regions (Nigeria, Georgia, Cambodia, Belgium) and with or without HIV co-infection.

Full description

Background and rationale:

Screening of past exposure to Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is done by detection of HCV specific antibodies. In Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs), where equipped laboratories and trained staff are limited, Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) are widely used for HCV screening. Although many RDTs are available on the market, only some of them received CE-IVD marking and only two have been validated by WHO Pre-Qualification (PQ). More quality-assured tests are needed to establish effective screening programmes in LMICs.

Furthermore, an important research gap is the lack of studies on the impact of HIV positivity on RDT performance, as it is estimated that 2-15% of people living with HIV are co-infected with HCV.

The evaluation of RDT performance on clinical samples collected in different geographic regions as well as from HIV co-infected individuals, would allow to identify tests with a performance meeting or having the potential to meet WHO quality standards.

Concept:

This is a multicenter laboratory evaluation study using archived, frozen plasma samples.

Sensitivity and specificity of RDTs will be measured against a composite reference standard that consists of two WHO prequalified Enzyme Immunoassays (EIAs) (Murex Anti-HCV EIA version 4.0, Fujirebio Innotest HCV Ab IV) and a Line Immunoassay (LIA) (MP Diagnostics HCV blot 3.0). Samples are assigned as anti-HCV negative or anti-HCV positive based on the results of all three assays.

RDT results will be read by three independent readers to evaluate inter-reader variability (differences in visual interpretation, i.e. presence or absence of test and control line).

For each RDT, two independently produced lots will be tested for each sample to assess lot-to-lot variability (differences in RDT result for the same sample). Furthermore, rate of invalid runs will be assessed and a technical appraisal is completed for each RDT.

Primary objective:

1.1 Evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of anti-HCV RDTs in archived plasma samples, collected from HCV-infected and HCV-uninfected individuals not co-infected with HIV, measured against the composite reference standard composed of two Enzyme Immunoassays (EIAs) and a Line Immunoassay (LIA).

1.2 Evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of anti-HCV RDTs in archived plasma samples, collected from HCV-infected and HCV-uninfected individuals who are all co-infected with HIV, measured against the composite reference standard composed of two EIAs and a LIA.

Secondary objectives:

2.1 Evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of anti-HCV RDTs in archived plasma samples, collected from HCV-infected and HCV-uninfected individuals, both co-infected and not with HIV, measured against the composite reference standard composed of two EIAs and a LIA.

2.2 Evaluation of operational characteristics of anti-HCV RDTs: inter-reader variability; lot-to-lot variability; rate of invalid runs 2.3 Technical appraisal of each RDT product per manufacturer

Enrollment: 1,710 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 18+ years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion Criteria of archived samples:

• Non-hemolytic plasma samples with EDTA used as anticoagulant
• Sample were frozen at -20°C or lower on the day of processing and stored at -20°C or lower until they are used in this study
• Samples pre-characterized for, HCV, HIV serology status using assays routinely used at the sites and approved for diagnostic use by a local health authority. If available, samples should also be characterized for HBV status.
• Samples taken from subjects aged ≥18 years
• Availability of informed consent to use the sample in future research

Exclusion Criteria:

• Samples not stored correctly

Trial design

1,710 participants in 2 patient groups

HCV-only infected

Description:

Archived frozen plasma samples from individuals that were characterised to be HCV-antibody positive or HCV-antibody negative ("HCV-only infected"). These samples are characterised for their HIV status (negative).

Treatment:

Diagnostic Test: 13 Rapid Diagnostic Tests and reference tests

HCV/HIV co-infected

Description:

Archived frozen plasma samples from HCV-positive or HCV-negative individuals who are HIV infected ("HCV/HIV co-infected").

Treatment:

Diagnostic Test: 13 Rapid Diagnostic Tests and reference tests