Fentanyl and Dexmedetomidine as Adjuvants to Bupivacaine in Ultrasound-guided Superficial Cervical Plexus Block in Thyroid Surgeries

Kafrelsheikh University

Status: Completed

Conditions: Adjuvants; Superficial Cervical Plexus Block; Fentanyl; Bupivacaine; Dexmedetomidine; Thyroid Surgeries; Ultrasound

Treatments: Drug: Superficial cervical plexus block + Dexmedetomidine; Drug: Superficial cervical plexus block + Fentanyl; Drug: Superficial cervical plexus block

Study type: Interventional

Funder types: Other

Identifiers

NCT07057739

KFSIRB200-186

Details and patient eligibility

About

This study aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy between fentanyl and dexmedetomidine as adjuvants to bupivacaine in ultrasound-guided superficial cervical plexus block for thyroid surgeries.

Full description

Cervical plexus blocks are easy to perform and provide anesthesia for the surgical procedure in the distribution of C2 to C4, including carotid endarterectomies, lymph node dissection, and thyroid surgeries.

Dexmedetomidine (α2 adrenoceptor agonist) is being used for intravenous (IV) sedation and analgesia for intubated and mechanically ventilated patients in Intensive Care Units. Its use in peripheral nerve blocks has recently been described. It has been reported to have a rapid onset time,prolong the duration of local anesthetics, and it is approximately 8 times more potent than clonidine and is also reportedly safe and effective in peripheral nerve blocks.

Opiates are widely known to have an analgesic effect at the central and spinal cord level. However, opioid analgesia can be initiated by activation of peripheral opioid receptors. Opioids such as fentanyl have been used for regional nerve plexus blocks to improve the block duration and quality.

Enrollment: 60 patients

Sex: All

Ages: 20 to 65 years old

Volunteers: No Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria

• Patient's approval.
• Aged 20-65 years
• American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II
• Undergoing thyroid surgery
• Euthyroid patients

Exclusion criteria

• Patient refusal.
• Age: >65 and <20 years.
• Allergy to Dexmedetomidine, local anesthetics, systemic opioids and any of the drugs included in the multimodal perioperative pain protocol.
• Patient with coagulation disorders.
• Chronic pain syndromes and patients with chronic opioid use are defined as use of regular daily doses of systemic narcotics for the past 6 months prior to the surgery.
• BMI of 35 kg/m2 or more.
• Physical Status: American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) III & IV.
• Local infection or sepsis at the site of injection.

Trial design

Primary purpose: Treatment

Allocation: Randomized

Interventional model: Parallel Assignment

Masking: Double Blind

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60 participants in 3 patient groups

Group C (Control)

Experimental group

Description:

Patients received superficial cervical plexus block with 1 ml of normal saline with 7ml bupivacaine 0.25% per side without adjuvants.

Treatment:

Drug: Superficial cervical plexus block

Group F (Fentanyl)

Experimental group

Description:

Patients received superficial cervical plexus block with fentanyl 1 ml (50 microgram) as an adjuvant to 7ml bupivacaine 0.25% per side.

Treatment:

Drug: Superficial cervical plexus block + Fentanyl

Group D (Dexmedetomidine)

Experimental group

Description:

Patients received superficial cervical plexus block with dexmedetomidine 0.5mcg/kg in 1 ml of normal saline as an adjuvant to 7ml bupivacaine 0.25% per side.

Treatment:

Drug: Superficial cervical plexus block + Dexmedetomidine